Botulinum Toxin Injection before Surgical Intervention in a Dog with Cricopharyngeal Achalasia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A 6-month-old castrated male poodle presented with a cough, dysphagia, and regurgitation. Cricopharyngealachalasia (CPA) was diagnosed by clinical history and a fluoroscopic examination. The animal received a botulinumtoxin (BTX) injection but symptoms had not resolved by three days after injection. Thus, a cricopharyngeal andthyropharyngeal muscle myotomy was performed and immediately the clinical signs resolved. This report describessuccessful correction of CPA with myotomy after failure of BTX injection in a dog.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Sankhla C, "Variability of the immunologic and clinical response in dystonic patients immunoresistant to botulinum toxin injections" 13 : 150-154, 1998

2 Blitzer A, "Use of botulinum toxin for diagnosis and management of cricopharyngeal achalasia" 116 : 328-330, 1997

3 Schneider I, "Treatment of dysfunction of the cricopharyngeal muscle with botulinum A toxin: introduction of a new, noninvasive method" 103 : 31-35, 1994

4 Jankovic J, "Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin" 324 : 1186-1194, 1991

5 Ludlow CL, "Therapeutic use of type F botulinum toxin" 326 : 349-350, 1992

6 Zaninotto G, "The role of botulinum toxin injection and upper esophageal sphincter myotomy in treating oropharyngeal dysphagia" 8 : 997-1006, 2004

7 Warnock JJ, "Surgical management of cricopharyngeal dysphagia in dogs: 14 cases (1989-2001)" 223 : 1462-1468, 2003

8 Langlois DK, "Successful treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia with bilateral myectomy in a dog" 55 : 1167-1172, 2014

9 Fossum TW, "Small animal surgery" Elsevier health sciences 453-456, 2013

10 Brin MF, "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia" 53 : 1431-1438, 1999

11 Niles JD, "Resolution of dysphagia following cricopharyngeal myectomy in six young dogs" 42 : 32-35, 2001

12 Pollard RE, "Quantitative videofluoroscopic evaluation of pharyngeal function in the dog" 41 : 409-412, 2000

13 Skinner MA, "Primary neonatal cricopharyngeal achalasia: a case report and review of the literature" 27 : 1509-1511, 1992

14 Watrous B, "Normal swallowing in the dog: a cineradiographic study" 20 : 99-109, 1979

15 Laurikainen E, "Muscle pathology in idiopathic cricopharyngeal dysphagia" 249 : 216-223, 1992

16 Murry T, "Injection of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter" 26 : 157-162, 2005

17 Papazoglou LG, "Cricopharyngeal dysphagia in dogs: The lateral approach for surgical management" 28 : 696-704, 2006

18 Kocdor P, "Cricopharyngeal dysfunction: A systematic review comparing outcomes of dilatation, botulinum toxin injection, and myotomy" 126 : 135-141, 2016

19 Mezaki T, "Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacies of Type A and F Botulinum Toxins for Blepharospasm A double-blind, controlled study" 45 : 506-508, 1995

20 Watrous BJ, "Clinical presentation and diagnosis of dysphagia" 13 : 437-459, 1983

21 Kelly EA, "Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction" 122 : 100-108, 2013

22 Elliott RC, "An anatomical and clinical review of cricopharyngeal achalasia in the dog" 81 : 75-79, 2010

23 Bonington A, "A histological and histochemical study of the cricopharyngeus muscle in man" 156 : 27-37, 1988