After Prof. Nam-Gyu Park’s group reported all-solid state perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in 2012, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs have advanced rapidly and there are only a few steps to commercialization. Not only their de...
After Prof. Nam-Gyu Park’s group reported all-solid state perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in 2012, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs have advanced rapidly and there are only a few steps to commercialization. Not only their defect-tolerant nature due to antibonding electronic structures, but perovskites also offer bandgap tunability, high absorption coefficients, long carrier-diffusion lengths, and low-temperature solution processability. However, their ionic-halide character also results in ion-migration barriers, increasing defect formation. In addition, residual stress and defect formation occur at the buried interface, which are generated during solution processing, accelerating degradation.
The purpose of this thesis is the mitigation of residual stress and interfacial defects to remove problems for commercialization of PSCs, at the same time addressing problems exist in bismuth-based solar cells which have perovskite-like antibonding properties. First, methylphosphonic acid and phosphorylethanolamine were introduced at the substrate/absorber interface. The presence of functional groups alleviated in-plane tensile strain, reduced trap density, decreased non-radiative recombination, and enhanced both efficiency and stability. Second, two functional molecules were selected including 5-aminoisophthalic acid and 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. After investigation, it was found that more Lewis-basic 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid is more effective for buried interface passivation. Finally, simple engineering of the annealing temperature for SnO2 electron transport layers optimized band alignment for BiI3 material, which has deeper energy levels and needs precise matching.
This thesis demonstrates that relieving residual stress, passivating buried interface defects, and engineering energy alignment are important for high power conversion efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells. In addition, it suggests a practical method for selecting efficient interfacial engineering strategies and materials.