MZ세대의 직무만족과 이직의도 결정요인에 대한 실증분석 = Relative Importance of Generational and Structural Factors in Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: Panel Analysis Using KLIPS 17-26 Wave Data(2014-2023)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study empirically examines the determinants of job satisfaction and turnover intention among the MZ and Generation X cohorts using panel data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS, Waves 17–26; 2014–2023). To assess the relative and interactive effects of generational factors and structural conditions—particularly employment status—this research employs a stepwise comparison of Fixed Effects (FE), Random Effects (RE), and Correlated Random Effects (CRE) models. The results indicate that while the MZ cohort shows a relatively higher turnover intention in RE and CRE models that include cross-sectional variation, the generational effect diminishes or becomes unobservable in the FE model after controlling for time-invariant individual heterogeneity. This suggests that observed generational differences may vary depending on model assumptions and control levels. In contrast, employment status (regular vs. non-regular) demonstrates a relatively consistent association with both job satisfaction and turnover intention across models. Moreover, the interaction term between the MZ cohort and regular employment is statistically significant, implying that the perceived impact of employment stability may differ by generational context. Nevertheless, these findings should not be interpreted as the exclusive dominance of structural factors; rather, they call for a nuanced interpretation that incorporates job characteristics, relational experiences, and organizational culture. This study contributes by re-positioning generational discourse within a structural framework and suggests that cohort-specific HR and labor policies may yield more meaningful outcomes when combined with structural improvements.