美國客家移民的中國文化傳統

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Hakkas family communities that proliferate everywhere keep the early cultural tradition of Central Plains and have deep hometown complex. America, as one of countries which has a lot of overseas Chinese immigrants, has been profoundly influenced by the Hakkas tradition. After the Opium War, a lot of Chinese laborers from Fujian and Guangdong province, including many Hakkas, arrived in America and mainly worked in California, Hawaii and New York. They contributed a lot to the early development, California’s gold ore mining industry and the railroad construction in the U.S.A. . Most of the early immigrants were engaged in industry and commerce, as well as service trades. Being based on blood relationship, region and professional relations, the mass organizations such as commercial clubhouse and fellow villager association they had established acted as a link between family members and fellow villagers. They had thick sense of native land culture and characteristic spiritual pursue, defended Chinese tradition and custom stubbornly for generations, and displayed invariable Chinese root culture complex.
Hawaii is a region where there are comparatively early immigrants from Hakkas and the other overseas Chinese. Fifty years ago, when nearly nobody attended and studied Hakkas, James Michener, American renowned writer, splendidly described Chinese Hakkas’ origin, family ideology, survival consciousness, special individuality and the experience of opening up Hawaii’s virgin soil in his book Hawii. Xie Yu zhen, a Hakka female, is the leading role of the epic poem work. In this book, the writer systematically described the Hakkas ancients’ difficult experience of climbing mountains and crossing rivers from Central Plains to the south China, the Hakkas keeping many Chinese ancient customs and the females all without binding their feet, etc.. The book omni directionally unfolds the Hakkas immigrants' prominent characteristics such as advocating the older generations, valuing family, farming and studying passing on from generation to generation, and tenacity. From this book, we can perceive the vitality of Chinese traditional culture, thought, and idea in overseas immigrant society. The deep Chinese culture foundation of Hakkas family community was accumulated and passed on in the long history, which will play the huge role in the future development of East Asia and world.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 〈摘要〉
• 一、美國客家歷史移民的區域和中國傳統
• 二、早期夏威夷客家移民的中國文化傳統
• 參考文獻
• 〈Abstract〉