영어학습자들의 주어-동사의 수일치 산출의 문장 처리과정 = Subject-verb Agreement Process of Korean Foreign Language Learners of English

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

When speakers produce sentences, they go through mapping concepts onto grammatical encoding in the production process. The subject-verb number agreement process can involve two possible processes, conceptual or syntactic agreement. In conditions of number mismatch between the head noun phrase (NP) and the modifying noun phrase (NP) in subject such as ‘the key to the locks’, the speakers tend to make errors in agreement decision for verb. Empirical evidence showed that the English speakers tend to go through syntactic agreement process and other speakers of Spanish, Dutch, and Italian tend to follow semantic agreement process.
This study aims to investigate the agreement process of Korean second language learners of English whose native language does not have subject-verb agreement process. The study consists of two experiments, off-line test and on-line test. The results showed that participants did not show semantic (conceptual) agrement at all in off-line test. However, multiple token effects were observed in low-proficient group of on-line test. Reaction time measurement supported the effect. Low-proficient group tends to spend longer time in multiple token stimulus than in single token stimulus.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박분주, "영어발화에 나타난 타동사 통사구조 유지성" 현대영어교육학회 10 (10): 207-223, 2009

2 박분주, "언어 산출 모델에서의 통사구조 처리과정 연구" 현대문법학회 (57) : 225-243, 2009

3 Garrett, M. F., "The psychology of learning and motivation" Academic Press 1975

4 Nicol, J., "The production of verb agreement processes in comprehension" 56 : 569-587, 2001

5 박분주, "The Difference in Sentence Processing between Young and Adult EFL Learners" 현대문법학회 (65) : 229-252, 2011

6 Savage, C., "Testing the abstractness of children’s linguistics representation: Lexical and structural priming of syntactic constructions in young children" 6 : 557-567, 2003

7 Huttenlocher, J., "Syntactic priming in young children" 50 : 182-195, 2004

8 Vigliocco, G., "Subject-verb agreement in Spanish and English: Differences in the role of conceptual constraints" 61 : 261-298, 1996

9 Savage, C., "Structural priming as implicit learning in language acquisition : the persistence of lexical and structural priming in 4-year-olds" 2 : 27-49, 2006

10 Levelt, W. J. M., "Speaking from intention to articulation" MIT Press 1989

11 McDonough, K., "Responses to recasts: repetitions, primed production, and linguistic development" 56 (56): 693-720, 2006

12 Francis, W. N., "Proximity concord in English" 19 : 309-318, 1986

13 Nicol, J., "Production of Subject-Verb Agreement in Spanish as a Second Language" 30 : 1-9, 2003

14 Bock, K., "Producing agreement" 4 : 56-61, 1995

15 Nicol, Teller, "One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual language processing" Blackwell Publishers Inc 117-133, 2001

16 Follett, W., "Modern American usage: A guide" Hill & Wang 1966

17 Dell, G. S., "Language production and serial order: A functional analysis and a model" 104 : 123-147, 1997

18 Zandvoort, R. W., "Language and society: Essays presented to Arhur M. Jensen on his seventieth birthday" Det Berlingske Bogtrykkeri 193-203, 1961

19 Lyons, J., "Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics" Cambridge Univ. Press 1969

20 McDonough, K, "Interaction and syntactic priming: English L2 speakers’ production of dative construction" 28 : 179-207, 2006

21 Vigliocco, G., "How many labels on the bottles? Notional concord in Dutch and French" 11 : 407-421, 1996

22 Bock, J. K., "Handbook of psycholinguistics" 945-984, 1994

23 Kutas, M., "Event-related brain potentials to grammatical errors and semantic anomalies" 11 : 539-550, 1983

24 Strang, B. M. H., "English studies today: Fourth series" Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura 73-87, 1966

25 MacWhinney, B., "Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German, and Italian" 23 : 127-150, 1984

26 Bock, J, K., "Broken agreement" 23 : 35-43, 1991

27 Garrett, M. F., "Biological perspectives on language" MIT Press 1984

28 Levelt. W. J. M., "A theory of lexical access in speech production" 22 : 1-38, 1999

29 Kilborn, K., "A note on the on-line nature of discourse processing: Comparing behavioral and electrophysiological measures in monitoring for semantic anomalies and grammatical errors"

30 Quirk, Greenbaum, "A grammar of contemporary English" Longman 1972