기후변화에 따른 건강영향과 의약품 접근권의 보장에 관한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

기후변화가 인간의 건강에 끼치는 다양한 위험으로 인해 의약품 접근권이 더욱 강하게 보장되고 폭넓게 실현될 필요성이 있다. 이런 배경 하에 이 논문은 의약품 접근권에 대해 연구한다. 국제법 차원에서 의약품 접근권은 국제인권법, 국제기후변화법, 그리고 WTO/TRIPS 협정의 맥락에서 확립되어 있다. 국제인권법에서 다른 인권의 보장을 위해 필수불가결한 인권인 건강권으로부터 의약품 접근권이 파생되어 확립되었다. 기후변화에 관한 파리협정도 전문에서 건강권을 명시적으로 언급하고 있다. 그런데 WTO/TRIPS 협정 하에서는 의약품의 특허보호로 인해 의약품 접근권이 제한적으로 보장되고 있다. 의약품 접근권을 향상시킬 방법으로 한편으로 TRIPS 협정 제31조의 일반적인 강제실시에서 나타나는 제한에 대해 면제를 부여하는 제31조의2 규정을 통해 의약품 강제실시의 적극적인 이용과 다른 한편으로 의약품 신약개발을 특허와 완전히 분리시켜 의약품의 가격을 낮추고, 혁신을 위한 유인책으로는 특허가 아닌 다른 인센티브를 제공하는 연계단절을 통해 의약품의 접근권을 보장하려는 노력을 강화해야 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There is a need for greater access and greater realization of access to medicines due to the varying risks of climate change on human health. Under this backdrop, this paper studies the right to access to medicines. At the international level, the right to access to medicines has been established in the context of the International Human Rights Law, International Climate Change Law, and the WTO/TRIPS Agreement. In the International Human Rights law, the right to access to medicines from health rights, which is indispensable human rights for the guarantee of other human rights, has been derived and established. The Paris Agreement on Climate Change explicitly mentions the right to health in the preamble. Under the WTO/TRIPS Agreement, however, the right to access to medicines is limited due to patent protection of pharmaceuticals.
In order to improve the availability and affordability of medicines by lowering the price, the compulsory license of Article 31bis of TRIPS Agreement, which is now formally a provision of the TRIPS Agreement and exempts the restrictions on the general compulsory license of TRIPS Article 31, should be actively used. Delinkage between innovations and patent, which separates new pharmaceuticals from the patent protection and disconnects them to provide incentives other than patents as an incentive for innovation, can be an alternative for the improvement of the right to access to medicines.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가는 말
• Ⅱ. 기후변화와 의약품 접근향상의 장벽
• Ⅲ. 의약품 접근권에 관한 국제규범
• Ⅳ. 의약품 접근권 향상을 위한 대안
• Ⅴ. 맺음말
• 국문초록
• ABSTRACT

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