대기업 연구개발 인력의 상사와의 경력지향 적합성, 팀과의 풍토 적합성과 직무만족 및 조직몰입의 관계 = The relationship between person-supervisor fit in career orientation or person-team fit in organizational climate and job satisfaction or organizational commitment in human resources of R&D in large corporations

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims at investigating the relationships between person-supervisor career orientation fit (in technical orientation, managerial orientation) or person-team climate fit (in autonomy, cooperation, change orientation and tension) and job satisfaction or organizational commitment in human resources of Research and Development (hereafter R&D). Questionnaires were used to collect data, and they consist of the scales of these following items: person (respondent)’s career orientation, supervisor’s career orientation, personally preferred climate, team climate, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and demographic characteristics. the purposive sampling for the study was performed to 17 companies in top 20 companies in R&D investment amount in 2006.
The major results of the study were as follows: ① in all of the 2 types of person and supervisor career orientation concurs in higher score, job satisfaction and organizational commitment went higher. ② in the relationships between the technical orientation fit of person and supervisor and organizational commitment, There was complementary fit. ③ as the managerial orientations of the supervisor and the person become suitable, job satisfaction grew meaningfully high(supplementary fit). ④ in all of the 4 types of person and team climate fit, as the climate of person preference and team concurs in higher score, job satisfaction and organizational commitment went higher. ⑤ in the relationship between person and team cooperation climate fit and organizational commitment, There was complementary fit.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 연구개발(R&D) 인력의 개인-상사 경력지향 적합성(전문가 지향성, 관리자 지향성), 개인-팀 풍토 적합성(자율성, 협동성, 변화지향, 긴장감)과 직무만족, 조직몰입의 관계를 구명함으로써 직업교육의 시사점을 도출하는데 있다. 연구투자비 상위 20개 국내 기업을 대상으로 설문하였으며, 간접(indirect) 방식으로 적합성을 측정하였다. 적합성 판단을 위한 통계적 기법으로 Edwards(1991)가 제시한 다차항회귀분석과 반응표면방법론(response surface methodology)을 사용하였다.
분석 결과, ①개인-상사 경력지향 적합성 모두에서 개인과 상사간의 경력지향성이 일치하는 경우, 높은 수준에서 일치할수록 직무만족, 조직몰입이 증가하였고, ②개인-상사 전문가 지향 적합성과 조직몰입의 관계에서는 보완적합이 나타났으며, ③개인-상사 관리자 지향 적합성과 직무만족의 관계에서는 유사적합이 나타났다. ④개인-팀 풍토 적합성 모두에서 개인이 선호하는 풍토와 팀 풍토가 일치하는 경우, 높은 수준에서 일치할 때 직무만족, 조직몰입이 증가하였으며, ⑤개인-팀 협동성 풍토 적합성과 조직몰입의 관계에서는 보완적합이 나타났다.
연구 결과를 바탕으로 경력지향성과 풍토의 특성을 감안하여 연구개발 인력의 체계적인 관리와 직업교육이 필요함을 제시하였으며, 후속 연구의 필요성이 제안되었다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 임채근, "플랜트산업에서의 연구개발 프로젝트 성패요인 분석" 한국과학기술원 1996

2 신유정, "창의성경영 구성요인이 R&D 성과와 만족에 미치는 영향 연구" 한양대학교 2002

3 김혜정, "전문가의 이중몰입 생성과정에서 심리적 계약의 역할" 한국인사·조직학회 15 (15): 1-42, 2007

4 정승국, "자동차 연구개발 엔지니어의 지식형성" 한국산업노동학회 8 (8): 141-169, 2002

5 이병헌, "연구개발 프로젝트팀의 분위기와 팀 성과" 한국경영학회 23 (23): 357-390, 1993

6 성동유, "연구개발 프로젝트팀에서 변혁적 리더십과 팀 분위기, 팀 성과에 관한 연구" 한국과학기술원 1998

7 조학래, "연구개발 인력의 직무만족과 이직의사 사이의 관계에 대한 직무성과의 조절효과" 한국인사관리학회 26 (26): 231-250, 2002

8 차종석, "연구개발 인력의 경력지향성과 성과" 26 (26): 961-986, 1997

9 현희정, "상사-부하간 성격의 일치가 상사에 대한 만족 및 신뢰에 미치는 영향" 9 : 159-177, 2003

10 배종태, "산학협동연구에서 대학연구팀 분위기의 형성요인과 성과에 관한 연구" 기술경영경제학회 14 : 29-51, 1998

11 이찬, "사무직 근로자의 경력개발 지원 현황 및 요구 분석- 중소기업과 대기업의 비교를 중심으로 -" 한국농·산업교육학회 40 (40): 189-220, 2008

12 차종석, "분위기 적합과 경력 적합이 성과에 미치는 영향: 우리나라 R&D 인력을 대상으로" 한국인사관리협회 25 (25): 77-108, 2001

13 김강호, "기술적 환경불확실성에 따른 개인과 조직 학습지향성 부합이 조직성과에 미치는 영향" 한국농·산업교육학회 40 (40): 251-269, 2008

14 과학기술부, "과학기술연구개발활동조사보고" 2007

15 양혁승, "개인가치와 개인이 지각하는 조직가치가 개인의 태도에 미치는 영향" 한국인사·조직학회 10 (10): 211-238, 2002

16 Allen, T. J., "project-oriented engineer : A dilemma for human resource management" 25 (25): 129-140, 1995

17 Kristof-Brown, A., "When Opposites Attract: A Multi-Sample Demonstration of Complementary Person-Team Fit on Extroversion" 73 (73): 935-957, 2005

18 Meglino, B. M., "Value congruence and satisfaction with a leader: An examination of the role of interaction" 44 (44): 481-495, 1991

19 Werbel, J. D., "The use of Person-Group fit for employment selection: A missing link in person-environment fit" 40 (40): 227-240, 2001

20 Schriesheim, C., "The similarity of individual-directed and group-directed leader behavior descriptions" 22 : 345-355, 1979

21 Schein, E. H., "The individual, the organization, and the career: A conceptual scheme" 401-426, 1971

22 Allen, T. J., "The dual ladder : motivational solution or managerial delusion?" 16 : 185-197, 1986

23 Meglino, B. M., "The Measurement of work value congruence: A Field study comparison" 18 (18): 33-43, 1992

24 Smith, P. E., "The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement" 1969

25 Smith, M. A., "Subordinate-Supervisor Fit Using the Big Five Personality Constructs" 2002

26 Podsakoff, P. M., "Self-reports in organizational research: problem and prospects" 12 : 531-544, 1986

27 Khuri, A. I., "Response surfaces: Designs and analyses" Marcel Dekker 1987

28 Nordvik, H., "Relationships between Holland's vocational typology, Schein's career anchors and Myers-Briggs' types" 69 : 263-275, 1996

29 Whitely, W., "Relationship of Career Mentoring and Socioeconomic Origin to Managers' and Professionals Early Career Progress" Academy of Management 1991

30 최명은, "R&D 프로젝트 성과의 영향요인에 관한 연구" 경북대학교 2004

31 박세인, "R&D 인력교육 프로그램 개발 및 운영에 관한 사업" 2007

32 Edwards, J. R., "Problems with the Use of Profile Similarity Indices in the Study of Congruence in Organizational Research" 46 : 641-665, 1993

33 Kram, K. E., "Phases of the Mentor Relationship" 26 (26): 608-625, 1983

34 Park, W. W., "Person-Organizational Fit, Person-Department Fit, and Their Relationship to Performance, Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention" 5 (5): 35-61, 1999

35 Cable, D. M., "Person-Organization fit, job choice decisions, and organizational entry" 67 : 294-311, 1996

36 Kristof, A., "Person-Organization Fit: An Integrative Review of its Conceptualizations, Measurement, and Implication" 49 : 1-49, 1996

37 Edwards, J. R., "Person-Job Fit : A Conceptual Integration, Literature Review, and Methodology Critique. in: International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 16" Wiley 283-357, 1991

38 O'Reilly Ⅲ, C.A., "People and Organizational Culture: A Prifile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person-Organization Fit" 34 (34): 487-516, 1991

39 Porter, L. W., "Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians" 59 : 603-609, 1974

40 Edwards, J. R., "On the Use of Polynomial Regression Equations as a Alternative to Difference Scores in Organizational Research" 36 : 1577-1613, 1993

41 Shepard, H. A., "Nine dilemmas in industrial research" 1 : 1956

42 Cook, J., "New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal needs nonfulfillment" 53 : 39-52, 1980

43 Caldwell. D., "Measuring Person-Job Fit Using a Profile Comparison Process" 75 : 393-400, 1990

44 Chatman, J. A., "Matching People and Organizations : Selection and Socialization in Public Accounting Firms" 36 : 459-484, 1991

45 Katz, R., "Managing the dual ladder : A Longitudinal Study" 1 : 133-150, 1992

46 Schein, E. H., "How career anchors hold executive to their career paths. in: Managing professionals in innovative organizations : A collection of readings" Ballinger Publishing Co. 487-497, 1988

47 Arthur, M. B., "Generating new directions in career theory. In Handbook of career theory" Cambridge University Press 10-, 1989

48 Box, G. E. P., "Empirical model-building and response surface" Wiley 1987

49 Stahl, M. J., "Cosmopolitan-local orientation as predictors of scientific and engineers" 26 : 39-43, 1979

50 Kristof-Brown, A. L., "Consequences of Individuals' Fit at Work: A Meta-Analysis of Person-Job, Person-Organization, Person-Group, and Person-Supervisor Fit" 58 : 281-342, 2005

51 Morse, E. V., "Cognitive skills: A determinant of scientists local-cosmopolitan orientation" 4 : 709-723, 1974

52 Chan. D., "Cognitive misfit of problem-solving style at work: A facet of person-organization fit" 68 (68): 194-207, 1996

53 Wexley, K. N., "Attitudinal congruence and similarity as related to interpersonal evaluations in manager-subordinates dyad" 23 : 320-330, 1980

54 Vancouver, J. B., "An exploratory examination of person-organization fit: Organizational goal” congruence" 44 : 333-352, 1991

55 Miller, G. A., "Adult socialization, organizational structure, and role orientations" Administrative Science Quarterly 151-163, 1971

56 Tuma, N. B., "A comparison of models of role orientations of professionals in a research-oriented university" 26 : 187-206, 1981

57 Meglino, B. M., "A Work Value Approach to Corporate Culture: A Field Test of the Value Congruence Press and ITs Relationship to Individual Outcomes" 74 (74): 424-432, 1989