初等學校 環境敎育 敎育課程에 關한 硏究 = ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN KOREAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The first attempt and purpose of environmental education should be to allow the pupils to understand the correlation between the bio-physical environment and human society. The second endeavor is to get the pupils to become cognizant of human activities rendered by environmental changes, and the last effort should be to have our school children realize that they are to interact with their environment for the future benefits of mankind. All forms of life within the environmental realms should be understood in terms of what should he the controlling concepts. While utilizing environmental education in primary schools, the investigator has tried to deduce four concepts: variety, interaction, changes, and adaptation.
The contents of such education should cover resources such as air, water, plants, animals, earth materials. Besides, forms of pollution such as air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, pollution by solid waste, and pollution by pestisides, should also be studied. As to the improvement of our environment, conservation of resources, prevention of pollutions, maintenance of natural beauty, population problems should be studied based upon basic concepts of ecology.
In order to match the organization of the concepts of environmental education with children's developmental stages, the proper direction and process would be from the concrete to the abstract, from acquisition of knowledge to its application. To accomplish this with our school children, lower grades should be encouraged to enjoy their interaction with nature, to appreciate natural beauty, and value all life. In upper grades, it would be proper to have our children take measures for deriving means to solve environmental problems through analyzing materials they collect, and to apply them to actual problems.
In the curriculum for primary schools revised in 1973, is social studies and science to equally emphasize environmental education. In addition to that, in such subjects as moral education, language arts, it is provided that the contents of such subjects should aim to encourage children's love of nature. In vocational courses as well, natural resources are to be emphasized according to one provision of the revised curriculum.
In teaching science in primary schools, the central issue in environmental education is to give the basic concepts, especially changes and interactions. Social studies, environment and life, preservation of natural resources, and pollutions, are generally regarded as contents of environmental education, and are primarily taught. For the environmental problem, only general descriptions are given, and such items as air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, and pollution incurred by the use of pesticides, are not dealt with in concrete terms.
Contents of enironmental education are given to particular grades: in 3rd and 4th grades, children are to receive most of the basic contents. This is to be construed that the contents of environmental education bear greater relationship with the contents of subject matters allocated to the 3rd and 4th grades. When considered in a series of stages such as the predisciplinary stage, single disciplinary stage and interdisciplinary stage, environmental education at primary schools should include all three stages. Therefore, in the lower grades (1st, 2nd and 3rd), the predisciplinary stage should be parralel with the single disciplinary stage, while in the upper grades (4th, 5th, and 6th), the single disciplinary stage in environmental education and the interdisciplinary stage, during which learning activities for solving environmental problems are to be synthesized, and are to be conducted at the same time. Methods of teaching environment are complex; thus, environmental education should deserve a fresh investigation to be properly utilized by educators in primary schools. (The investigation has been possible by dint of the United Board Research Grant for the year 1973.)

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 環境問題와 環境敎育
• 2. 環境敎育의 目的
• 3. 環境敎育의 內容
• ㄱ. 환경교육이 다루는 개념
• ㄴ. 환경교육의 내용
• ㄷ. 환경교육 내용의 조직
• ㄹ. 국민학교 교육과정에 나타난 환경교육 내용
• 4. 環境敎育이 다루어지는 敎科
• 5. 要約
• 참고 문헌