시민의 경찰협력의사에 관한 연구 = Public Cooperation with the Police: A Multilevel Analysis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In modern society, transnational crimes have increasingly posed substantial threats to public safety, generating significant social and economic costs. Police agencies have intensified their efforts to prevent such crimes and protect citizens, yet relying solely on traditional law enforcement mechanisms has proven insufficient. Recognizing these limitations, the national police agency has adopted a community policing paradigm, which emphasizes proactive citizen cooperation with the police to prevent crime collaboratively. Despite this strategic shift, research and practice indicate that citizens’ willingness to participate in police activities, as well as their actual engagement, remain remarkably low, limiting the effectiveness of community policing initiatives. Understanding the factors that influence public cooperation with the police is therefore critical for designing effective interventions and enhancing social order.
This study employs a multilevel analytical approach to examine the determinants of public cooperation with the police, considering both individual-level and neighborhood-level social capital. Individual-level data were collected through a survey of 1,000 adults aged 18 and older residing across 50 autonomous districts in the metropolitan area. Social capital at the individual-level was operationalized through survey items capturing police trust, adherence to social norms such as the obligation to obey the law and the police, and collective efficacy within local communities. At the neighborhood-level, social capital variables were derived from government open data sources, including social surveys and community indicators. This hierarchical analysis allows for the simultaneous consideration of individual-level and neighborhood-level factors, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the social contexts influencing public cooperation with the police.
The multilevel analysis revealed that individual-level social capital exerts a significant influence on citizens’ willingness to cooperate with the police and their reported cooperation in police-related activities. In contrast, the intraclass correlation coefficient （ICC） was very low, indicating that variation between neighborhoods is minimal. When neighborhood-level variables were incorporated into the model, significant effects were observed for only some neighborhood-level independent variables on willingness to report crimes, suggesting that neighborhood-level social capital may play a limited role. Overall, these findings imply that interventions aiming to increase public cooperation should prioritize enhancing social capital at the individual-level, such as fostering trust, reinforcing normative expectations, and strengthening social networks, rather than focusing primarily on neighborhood-level initiatives.
The practical implications of this study are clear: police stations and community organizations should design policies and programs that increase direct contact with residents, promote community engagement, and cultivate individual-level social capital. Such approaches are likely to enhance the effectiveness of community policing strategies, contributing to safer and more cohesive communities.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 1
• 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 5
• 1. 연구의 범위 5
• 2. 연구의 방법 6
• 제2장 이론적 배경 9
• 제1절 경찰협력의사의 의의와 유형 9
• 1. 경찰협력의사의 의의 9
• 2. 경찰협력의사의 유형 11
• 제2절 사회자본 이론 17
• 1. 사회자본의 의의 17
• 2. 경찰신뢰 22
• 3. 준수의무감 26
• 4. 집합효율성 33
• 제3절 선행연구 검토 38
• 1. 개인 수준 변수와 경찰협력의사 39
• 2. 지역 수준 변수와 경찰협력의사 43
• 제3장 연구의 설계 47
• 제1절 연구모형 및 연구가설 47
• 1. 연구모형 47
• 2. 연구문제와 연구가설 48
• 제2절 변수의 조작적 정의와 측정 51
• 1. 변수의 조작적 정의 51
• 2. 변수의 측정 54
• 제3절 자료수집과 분석방법 69
• 1. 자료수집 69
• 2. 분석방법 72
• 제4장 연구결과 77
• 제1절 주요 변수의 특성 77
• 1. 인구사회학적 특성 77
• 2. 개인 수준 특성 78
• 3. 지역 수준 특성 79
• 제2절 주요 변수의 상관분석 82
• 1. 개인 수준의 상관분석 82
• 2. 지역 수준의 상관분석 85
• 제3절 위계적 회귀분석 87
• 1. 참여의사 87
• 2. 범죄신고의사 89
• 제4절 다층모형 91
• 1. 기초모형 91
• 2. 통제모형 94
• 3. 연구모형: 개인 수준 96
• 4. 연구모형: 지역 수준 100
• 제5장 결론 105
• 참 고 문 헌 112
• Abstract 134
• 부 록 137