전염성 비장 및 신장 괴사 바이러스(ISKNV)에 대한 항바이러스제 소재 탐색 및 5-fluorouracil, ganciclovir, ethyl ferulate, saponin을 활용한 in vitro 평가 = Screening of potential antiviral compounds and in vitro evaluation of 5-fluorouracil, ganciclovir, ethyl ferulate, and saponin against infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is a major pathogenic iridovirus that causes high mortality and serious economic losses in farmed and ornamental fish. However, effective antiviral agents against ISKNV are currently unavailable. In this study, we screened 28 common and natural compounds to identify potential antiviral candidates using an in vitro cell infection model. Cytotoxicity assays were performed to determine the non-toxic concentrations of each compound. Based on both pre- and post-treatments, four compounds (5-fluorouracil, ganciclovir, ethyl ferulate, and saponin) showed significant antiviral activity. Notably, treatment with these compounds led to marked down- regulation of ISKNV MCP, ATPase, and DNA polymerase gene expression. Further investigation of the antiviral mechanism revealed that the compounds (5-fluorouracil, ganciclovir, ethyl ferulate, and saponin) interfered with the viral replication stage in dwarf gourami fin (DGF) cells. In particular, 5-fluorouracil interfered with internalization to replication stages. Additionally, viral titers measured in the culture supernatant showed a significant reduction in extracellular virus release in the com- pound-treated groups compared to the non-compound-treated control group. These findings suggest that the selected compounds possess potent antiviral activity against ISKNV and may serve as disease control agents or immune-enhancing adjuvants against ISKNV infection.