생활체육 참여자의 참여동기, 사회적 지지 및 자기효능감과 운동지속도와의 관계 = The relationships among participation motives, social support, self-efficacy and exercise adherence of sport participants

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Relationships among Participation Motives, Social Support, Self-efficacy and Exercise Adherence of Sport Participants

Choi, Jeong-Woong
Department of Sport and Leisure Studies
Graduate School
Korea University



In this thesis, we sought to examine the causal relationship between exercise adherence and sociological and psychological factors of the sports participants such as motivation, social support, and self-efficacy. In particular, we tried to identify sociological and psychological reasons for failure to exercise regularly by analyzing five predictors for exercise adherence；exercise abilities, exercise habits, exercise partners, exercise interests, and exercise environments. In doing so we tried to develop a model to help sports participants maintain their exercise adherence and provide policy makers with information needed for developing policies to improve exercise adherence of sports participants.

To that end, we recruited 871 golf or soccer participants through convenience sampling and analyzed self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software version 17.0 Amos 7 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). To test the internal consistency of the questions, reliability analysis was done. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were done to examine the difference in baseline characteristics of the population. Duncan’s post-hoc test was done for characteristics of significant difference. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the difference in predictors for exercise adherence. Finally, structural equation models were analyzed to examine the causal relationship between exercise adherence and motivation, social support and self-efficacy.

Our analyses show that there are significant differences in the exercise adherence by characteristics of the population. In particular, there is a significant difference in exercise abilities by age, in exercise abilities and partners by neighborhood, in exercise habits and partners by education, and in exercise environment by income. In addition, predictors for motivation, such as stress reduction, risk taking, social facilitation, and affiliation, are significantly different depending on whether subjects participate in golf or soccer. For golf participants, degree of motivation decreases in the order of stress reduction, sense of accomplishment, self-realization, physical health, risk taking whereas it decreases in the order of stress reduction, physical health, self-realization, sense of accomplishment, and risk taking for soccer participants. There is no significant difference in social support between golf and soccer participants. Finally, there are interactions between motivation and self-efficacy, between motivation and social support, and between self-efficacy and social support. Exercise adherence is significantly associated with motivation, but not with self-efficacy or social support.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 3
• 3. 연구문제 4
• 4. 연구의 범위 및 제한점 4
• 5. 용어의 정의 5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 7
• 1. 동기 7
• 1) 동기의 개념 7
• 2) 맥클리랜드의 3동기 이론 8
• 3) 스포츠 참여동기 9
• 2. 사회적 지지 10
• 1) 사회적 지지의 개념 10
• 2) 사회적 지지의 근간이 되는 이론 12
• 3. 자기효능감 16
• 1) 자기효능감의 개념 16
• 2) 자기효능감과 인간행동 16
• 3) 자기효능감과 운동 19
• 4. 운동지속 20
• 1) 운동지속의 개념 20
• 2) 변화단계이론 20
• 5. 선행연구 고찰 23
• 1) 참여동기와 자기효능감에 관한 연구 23
• 2) 참여동기와 운동지속에 관한 연구 23
• 3) 자기효능감과 운동지속에 관한 연구 25
• 4) 사회적 지지와 자기효능감에 관한 연구 25
• 5) 운동지속에 관한 선행연구 고찰 25
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 27
• 1. 연구대상 27
• 2. 조사도구 27
• 3. 측정변인의 문항구성 28
• 4. 자료처리 방법 35
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 37
• 1. 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 운동지속도의 차이 37
• 2. 참여종목에 따른 참여동기, 사회적 지지, 자기효능감과 운동지속도의 차이 43
• 3. 참여동기, 사회적 지지, 자기효능감과 운동지속도의 차이 45
• 4. 참여동기, 사회적 지지, 자기효능감과 운동지속도의 인과관계 48
• Ⅴ. 논 의 55
• 1. 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 운동지속도의 차이 55
• 2. 참여종목에 따른 참여동기, 사회적 지지, 자기효능감과 운동지속도의 차이 56
• 3. 참여동기, 사회적 지지, 자기효능감과 운동지속도의 차이 57
• 4. 참여동기, 사회적 지지, 자기효능감, 운동지속도의 인과관계 57
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 59
• 1. 결론 59
• 2. 제언 61
• 참고문헌 63
• 설문지 72