목격자 진술에 대한 SCAN(Scientific Content Analysis, 과학적 내용 분석) 기법의 타당성 연구 = Empirical Validation of SCAN(Scientific Content Analysis) with Experimentally Derived Eyewitness Statements

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

SCAN(Scientific Content Analysis) is one of the most popular statement analysis techniques being used by investigators in many countries. SCAN analyzes the content and structure of statements of suspects, victims, or witnesses and evaluates their credibility. The principles of SCAN are incorporated into several criteria. The presence of each criterion is assumed to be an indication of deception and is more likely to be observed in deceptive statements rather than truthful ones. This study attempts to test the validity of SCAN in analyzing witness statements written in Korean language. Three experimental groups were manipulated. Truthful group saw a real car theft video clip and truthfully wrote about what they actually saw. False group 1 saw the same car theft video clip but intentionally described the theft scene incorrectly. False group 2, saw a non-criminal neutral video clip and wrote as if they saw a car theft crime. Two raters scored SCAN total for each subject's statement applying Smith's(2001) 13 SCAN criteria. The results showed significant differences in SCAN total scores between the truthful group and false groups, in which two false groups obtained significantly higher SCAN scores than the truthful group and there were no differences between the two false groups. Four of 13 criteria significantly differentiated between the truthful and false groups. The results of this study showed that SCAN could be applied to witness statements written in Korean language although the statements were experimentally derived. But some limitations of the current study are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

SCAN(Scientific Content Analysis; 과학적 내용분석)은 미국 등 여러 나라의 형사사법기관에서 사용되고 있는 알려진 진술 분석 기법 중의 하나로서 자발적인 진술의 내용과 구조를 분석하여 진술의 신빙성을 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구는 SCAN을 우리나라에 처음으로 소개하고 목격자 진술의 신빙성 평가에 적용 가능한지를 탐색하고자 하는 실험연구로서 SCAN을 통해 진실한 목격 진술과 거짓 목격 진술을 구분할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 대학생 90명(남녀 각각 45명)을 대상으로 ‘목격한 것을 사실 그대로 진술하기'(진실집단), ‘목격한 것을 허위로 진술하기'(거짓집단1), ‘목격하지 않은 것을 목격한 것처럼 진술하기'(거짓집단2)의 조건으로 나누어 Smith(2001)가 사용한 13개의 SCAN 준거를 사용하여 각각의 진술을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 거짓집단1과 거짓집단2의 SCAN 준거의 총점이 진실집단에 비해 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 13개의 준거 중 4개의 준거가 집단을 신뢰롭게 구별해 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 진술서의 내용을 분석한 결과 실험조건에 따라 개별 준거에 해당하는 내용의 차이가 발견되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 영어권 나라에서 개발되고 사용되고 있는 SCAN을 우리나라에 적용할 수 있는 가능성과 수사실무에서 SCAN을 활용하는 문제를 논의하였다.

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