The last two decades have observed a dramatic increase of the number of learners of Korean. In Korea, international marriage and migrant workers played an important in the increase of learners of Korean, while, outside of Korea, its economic growth an...
The last two decades have observed a dramatic increase of the number of learners of Korean. In Korea, international marriage and migrant workers played an important in the increase of learners of Korean, while, outside of Korea, its economic growth and the spread of Korean culture contributed to the increase. In the United States, for instance, student enrollments in Korean grew slightly from 1960s to 1980s, but sharply from 1990s to the present. Modern Language Association (MLA)'s 2009 enrollment survey says that Korean is the second fastest growing language from 2006 to 2009 and ranked as the 15th leading foreign language in US college. Learners of Korean in US college can be categorized into heritage and non-heritage learners. Korean is the first language for heritage learners, while non-heritage learners learn Korean as a foreign language. Despite the fact that Korean is the second fastest growing language, the distribution of student population of Korean is concentrated in heritage learners. Given that the future viability of Korean in US college does rely on the increase of the number of non-heritage learners, the unequal distribution needs to be changed. The present study examines what is needed to change the unequal distribution though three non-heritage learners' experience and struggle in a Korean language program in a Midwestern university. The following research questions guide this study: (1) What motivates them to learn Korean (2) What barriers do they face learning Korean in a US tertiary context Silva (2007) categorized learners of Korean into four: (1) heritage students, (2) the novices, (3) mixed-heritage/adopted students, and (4) speakers of other East-Asian languages. The present study focuses on the last three groups, that is, non-heritage groups. Whether mixed-heritage/adopted students are non-heritage learners or not can be a controversial issue. I consider mixed-heritage/adopted students with a minimum exposure to Korean language and culture to be non-heritage learners. Data were collected through the participants' narratives. They narrated their lives in their own words in chronological order. Data analysis reveals that their interests in Korean culture motivated them to learn Korean. Participant 1's first contact with Korean culture was through his Taekwondo training. His master was the father figure in his life. Participant 2 was a mixed heritage student whose father is Korean and mother is American. Though her father was Korean, they never communicate in Korean. She was never exposed to Korean culture because she was born and raised in the mainstream white community. She was infatuated with Japanese animation in her teens, which expanded to the interest in Korean culture. Participant 3 was a Japanese student studying in the US. He was very interested in Korean culture from when he was in Japan. His interest in Korean culture and linguistic similarities between Korean and Japanese motivated him to learn Korean. According to them, the first and most important reason for American students to avoid Korean language coursed is that there is no linguistic and culture connection between Korean and English. In particular, Korean is being considered the most difficult language to learn, and yet its effective value is low in society compared to other East Asian languages such as Chinese and Japanese. Second, the participants reported that Korean language curriculum aims for heritage learners. Their proficiency of Korean is much better than non-heritage learners. The participants strongly recommended that a track for non-heritage learners be offered. Third. it was noted that the Korean text books centered too much on grammar. Their interests in Korean culture led them to enroll in Korean language course, but, in actuality, they exclusively learn linguistic features of the language in the classroom without learning culture related to the language.