미국 신체육 운동의 기반 이론 탐색 = An exploratory study on the theories based on new physical education in the US

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: There is a lack of comprehensive research on theoretical bases and ideas of new physical education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to deeply look into the biological health theory and psychological play theory which are the basis of the emergence of ‘New Physical Education’ in the US that played a decisive role in justifying the existence of physical education. Method: In this study, literature and references were analyzed and semantic analysis method was applied. All the references related to the US sports and physical education history and philosophies, such as books, theses, journals, news papers, and text documents, were utilized. More specifically, the change in physical education and sports culture, which has been made before the development of new physical education in the US, was reviewed. In addition, the characteristics of new physical education philosophers were explored, and thereby base theories tried to be drawn. Results: A. Mechikoff reported that the most influential theory on the justification of sports activities in the 19th century American society was Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. Just as Darwinism facilitated the development of transcendentalism and pragmatism, the values of physical education that American physical education activists before 1900 were directly related to the trend of health-oriented thoughts. New physical education was established on the logical foundation of the physical and psychological health through physical activities. Conclusion: Along with a physiological health theory, a play theory was the theoretical basis of new physical education in the US.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 신체육 운동의 이론적 토대와 사상에 대한 통합적인 연구가 부족한 현 시점에서 19세기 말부터 20 세기 초반에 출현하여 현재까지 체육교과의 존립을 정당화 하는데 결정적인 역할을 한 미국 ‘신체육(New Physical Education)’의 출현 기반이 된 이론인 생물학적 건강이론과 심리학적 놀이 이론을 심층적으로 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 문헌 및 사료에 대한 고찰과 의미 분석법을 활용하였다. 미국 스포츠 및 체육사철학과 관련된 책자, 논문, 저널, 신문, 기타 텍스트 자료와 같은 사료를 모두 활용하였다. 구체적 연구절차로미국에서 신체육 운동이 전개되기 전부터의 체육과 스포츠 문화의 변화 과정을 리뷰하고, 신체육 사상가들의특성을 탐색하면서 그 기저에 위치하고 있는 이론을 도출하기위해 노력하였다. 연구결과로써 메치코프(A. Mechikoff)는 19세기 미국 사회에서 스포츠 활동을 정당화시키는데 가장 큰 영향을 미친 것은 찰스 다윈의 진화론이었다고 밝혔다. 다윈주의 사고가 선험론과 실용주의 사상의 발전을 촉진시킨 것처럼 1900년 이전 미국체육진흥운동가들의 체육에 대한 가치관은 건강 중시 사조와 직결된 것이었고, 신체 활동을 통한 신체적, 정신적 건강이라는 논리적 토대 위에 신체육이 탄생했던 것이다. 생리학적 건강이론과 함께 미국 신체육 운동의 이론적 토대가 된 것은 놀이 이론이었다.

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