Characterization of indoxacarb resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): Cross-resistance, stability and fitness cost

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The cottonmealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an important agricultural insect pest of cotton in Pakistan.
Some populations of P. solenopsis are reported to have significant levels of insecticide resistance, resulting in its control failure. In our study, we selected a population of P. solenopsis with indoxacarb, which resulted in a 2223-fold resistance level after five generations compared with the unselected strain. This selected-population also developed a moderate level of cross-resistance to spinosad (36-fold), but only very low cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos (2.3-fold) and bifenthrin (4.5-fold) compared with the unselected population. Indoxacarb resistance in this population was associated with several negative fitness attributes which would slow the selection for resistance in field popualtions. A significant decline in indoxacarb resistance was observed when the selected-population was left unexposed for eight generations. These results suggest that field populations of P. solenopsis should be surveyed for indoxcarb resistance and associated cross-resistances, and that alternative chemistries should be adopted and rotated to improve the control and resistance management tactics.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Raymond, M., "Worldwide migration of amplified insecticide resistance genes in mosquitos" 350 : 151-153, 1991

2 Feliciangeli, D. M., "Vital statistics of triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions" 22 : 43-48, 1985

3 Charleston, K., "The solenopsismealybug outbreak in Emerald" 31 : 18-22, 2010

4 Birch, L. C., "The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population" 17 : 15-26, 1948

5 McCann, S. F., "The discovery of indoxacarb: oxadiazines as a new class of pyrazoline-type insecticides" 57 : 153-164, 2001

6 Prishanthini, M., "The Phenacoccus solenopsis"

7 Cao, G. C., "Tebufenozide resistance selected in Plutella xylostella and its cross-resistance and fitness cost" 62 : 746-751, 2006

8 Anonymous, "Statistix for Windows" Analytical Software 2005

9 Carriere, Y., "Sources, sinks, and the zone of influence of refuges for managing insect resistance to Bt crops" 14 : 1615-1623, 2004

10 Salman, S. Y., "Selection for resistance: cross-resistance, inheritance, synergists and biochemical mechanisms of resistance to acequinocyl in Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)" 67 : 109-115, 2015

11 Carriere, Y., "Reversing insect adaptation to transgenic insecticidal plants" 268 : 1475-1480, 2001

12 Pang, S., "Resistance selection and mechanisms of oriental tobacco budworm (Helicoverpa assulta Guenee) to indoxacarb" 103 : 219-223, 2012

13 Gao, M., "Resistance mechanisms and risk assessment regarding indoxacarb in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua" 42 : 585-594, 2014

14 Saddiq, B., "Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides" 66 : 29-33, 2014

15 Ishaaya, I., "Properties and toxicological signifcance of esterases hydrolyzing permethrin and cypermethrin in Trichoplusia ni larval gut and integument" 14 : 178-184, 1980

16 Finney, D. J., "Probit Analysis" 333-, 1971

17 Ali, M., "Predatory potential of five Coccinellid predators against cotton mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) in laboratory and field conditions from Sindh, Pakistan" 36 : 7-12, 2014

18 Hodgson, C., "Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Sternorrhyncha : Coccoidea : Pseudococcidae), an invasive mealybug damaging cotton in Pakistan and India, with a discussion on seasonal morphological variation" 1913 : 1-35, 2008

19 Roush, R. T., "Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods" Chapman and Hall 97-152, 1990

20 Wang, Y. P., "Pest risk analysis of a new invasive pest, Phenacoccus solenopsis, to China" 46 : 101-106, 2009

21 Silva, C. A. D., "Occurrence of new species ofmealybug on cotton fields in the States of Bahia and Paraíba, Brazil" 71 : 467-470, 2012

22 Ahmad, M., "Occurrence of insecticide resistance in field population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan" 26 : 809-817, 2007

23 Granara de Willink, M. C., "New records and host plants of Phenacoccus for Argentina (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Nuevas citas y huéspedes de Phenacoccus para la Argentina (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)" 62 : 80-82, 2003

24 Kaydan, M. B., "New record of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey" 43 : 169-171, 2013

25 Saddiq, B., "Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan" 74 : 24-29, 2015

26 Ishtiaq, M., "Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides" 33 : 13-20, 2012

27 McCann, S. F., "Modern Crop Protection Compounds Volume 1" Wiley-VCH 1031-1048, 2007

28 Shah, R. M., "Mechanism, stability and fitness cost of resistance to pyriproxyfen in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)" 2015

29 Williams, D. J., "Mealybugs of Central and South America" C.A.B. International 635-, 1992

30 Muhammad, A., "Mealybug: Cotton Crop's Worst Catastrophe Published by the, Centre for Agro-Informatics Research (CAIR), Pakistan"

31 Yu, S. J., "Lack of cross resistance to Indoxacarb ininsecticide resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)" 63 : 63-67, 2007

32 Saeed, S., "Insecticidal control of the mealybug, Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)" 37 : 76-80, 2007

33 Jia, B., "Inheritance, fitness cost and mechanism of resistance to tebufenozide in Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" 65 : 996-1002, 2009

34 Bielza, P., "Inheritance of resistance to acrinathrin in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)." 64 : 584-588, 2008

35 Sarita NEHARE, "Inheritance of resistance and cross resistance pattern in indoxacarb-resistant diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L" 한국곤충학회 40 (40): 18-25, 2010

36 Shono, T., "Indoxacarb resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica" 80 : 106-112, 2004

37 Abbas, G., "Increasing menace of a new mealy bug, Phenacoccus gossypiphilous to the economic crops of Southern Asia" 30-, 2007

38 IRAC Insecticide Resistance Action Committee, "IRAC Mode of Action Classification"

39 Arif, M. I., "Host plants of Phenacoccus solenopsis: a newmenace to cotton agro-ecosystem of Punjab, Pakistan" 11 : 163-167, 2009

40 Radford, P. J., "Growth analysis formulae; their use and abuse" 7 : 171-175, 1967

41 Basweshwar S. GHODKI, "Genetics of Indoxacarb resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)" 한국곤충학회 39 (39): 50-54, 2009

42 Sayyed, A. H., "Genetics and evidence for an esterase-associated mechanism of resistance to indoxacarb in a field population of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)" 62 : 1045-1051, 2006

43 Gassmann, A. J., "Fitness costs of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis" 54 : 147-163, 2009

44 Sayyed, A. H., "Fitness costs limit the development of resistance to indoxacarb and deltamethrin in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" 101 : 1927-1933, 2008

45 Kliot, A., "Fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance" 68 : 1431-1437, 2012

46 Sayyed, A. H., "Fitness costs and stability of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in a field population of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.)" 26 : 502-508, 2001

47 Akintola, A. J., "First record of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Hibiscus rosasinensis in Nigeria" 3 : 1-3, 2008

48 Roush, R. T., "Experimental population genetics and ecological studies of pesticide resistance in insects and mites" Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management. Nat. Acad. Press 257-270, 1986

49 Roush, R. T., "Effects of insecticide resistance on biotic potential of the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae)" 75 : 708-713, 1982

50 Abbas, N., "Cross-resistance, stability, and fitness cost of resistance to imidacloprid in Musca domestica L., (Diptera: Muscidae)" 114 : 247-255, 2015

51 Basit, M., "Cross-resistance, inheritance and stability of resistance to acetamiprid in cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)" 30 : 705-712, 2011

52 Sayyed, A. H., "Cross-resistance and genetics of resistance to indoxacarb in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" 101 : 472-479, 2008

53 Afzal, M. B. S., "Cross resistance, stability of resistance and effect of acetamiprid on biological parameters ofcotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan" 71 : 151-158, 2015

54 Georghiou, G. P., "Comparative susceptibility to insecticides of 2 green peach aphid populations, collected 16 years apart" 56 : 655-663, 1963

55 Sawicki, R. M., "Combating Resistance to Xenobiotics: Biological and Chemical Approaches" Ellis Horwood Ltd. 105-117, 1987

56 Tian, X., "Biochemical mechanisms for metaflumizone resistance in beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua" 113 : 8-14, 2014

57 Wing, K. D., "Bioactivation and mode of action of the oxadiazine indoxacarb in insects" 19 : 537-545, 2000

58 Litchfield, J. T., "A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments" 99 : 99-103, 1949

59 Wing, K. D., "A novel oxadiazine insecticide is bioactivated in lepidopteran larvae" 37 : 91-103, 1998

60 Moghaddam, M., "A new record of mealybug pest in the south of Iran, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)" 30 : 67-69, 2010

61 Culik, M. P., "A new pest of tomato and other records of mealybugs(Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae)from Espirito Santo, Brazil" 964 : 1-8, 2005