Various epigenetic modifications are known to regulate neurogenesis. In this study, the role of KDM2B during the differentiation from human embryonic stem cells into cortical neurons and organoids that mimic the forebrain was investigated. KDM2B is re...
Various epigenetic modifications are known to regulate neurogenesis. In this study, the role of KDM2B during the differentiation from human embryonic stem cells into cortical neurons and organoids that mimic the forebrain was investigated. KDM2B is reported to play a role in demethylating the methyl group of ß-catenin in the process of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. In addition, it has been discovered that the activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signals in cortical neurogenesis changes the fate of cells that differentiate into neuronal precursors, leading to differentiation toward neuron crest cells. Here, we figured out that KDM2B - depleted hESCs could not properly form the rosette structure that should be seen in cortical neurogenesis. Also, the expression of ß-catenin was increased at the time of differentiation into neural progenitor cells from KDM2B – depleted hESCs. Through this, we hypothesized that the decreased expression of KDM2B induced the activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signals, and thus the fate of the neural progenitor was changed into neural crest cells. To confirm this, we investigated the expression level of the neural crest marker genes upon the differentiation into cortical neurons and forebrain organoids. Consequently, KDM2B – depleted hESCs resulted in significantly increased level of neural crest marker genes. Overall, KDM2B – depleted hESCs activated the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in the cortical neuron differentiation process, thereby increasing the rate of differentiation into neural crest cells rather than neural progenitor cells.