高麗時代의 氣候環境 : 史料分析을 中心으로 = Climatic Environment of Koryo Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study attempts to reconstruct the climatic features of the Koryo Dynasty(914~1391) through the historical weather records in the History of Koryo(Koryo-sa) and Munhunpigo. Historical records are sufficient to reconstruct the climate of historical period.
Various recorded climatic elements such as temperature, rain fall, snow, wind, fog hail and frost were analyzed to create climatic tables showing prominent droughts, floods and famines during this period.
In the absence of observational instruments during this historical period, the respective climatic phenomena have been approximated chiefly on the basis of historical records. For air temperatures, the descriptions about cool summer, warm winter and cold winter were found. Rain concentrated in May, June and July was classified by rain, heavy rain and great water(大水). The descriptions of snow were recorded as snow and heavy snow. The heavies snow was recorded in 1361, with snow cover of 1 meter above the ground.
The kinds of wind were great wind(大風), ?strong wind(暴風), ?north wind, typhoon, tornado and Foehn. The velocities of winds were described by the damages caused, such as broken branches of trees and rooted trees. The various descriptions about fog such as fog, heavy fog, cloud fog and yellow fog(黃霧) were found in historical records.
Hail was classified into hail, rain hail?(雨雹) and heavy rain hail(大雨雹), and the sizes of hail stones were compared to fruits and eggs. The damages of early frost and late frost on agriculture were also recorded. Droughts were very frequent and occurred most frequently in April, May and June(by the solar calendar, May, June and July). The droughts in this period were of important consideration for agriculture and the efforts to overcome the droughts are documented. Heavy rains or great water, described in terms of causalities and the damage to houses, were regarded as flood hazards and took place every 7 years. Famines were differentiated by famine(饑) and great famine(大饑). A total of 39 famines took place during Koryo period.
The historical weather records in Koryo-sa are more abundant than those in Sankuksaki. Also, the occurring date, month and year were precisely recorded in Koryo-sa, as well as the damages of droughts, heavy rains and floods.
Historical records indicate that the beginning of the Koryo Dynasty was warmer than the later period. This climatic pattern is roughly matched with the little climatic optimum of the middle age and the beginning of the little ice age of the world. The frequency of heavy rain and snow showed the repeated changes between dry and humid periods. So, it is estimated that the climate of early Koryo was warm-dry, and that of late Koryo was cool-humid. It is also suggested that the rall of the Koryo Dynasty have been accelerated by unusual climatic conditions, such as frequent droughts and floods, causing continuous famines and an unstable social atmosphere during later part of Koryo period.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論
• 1. 硏究目的
• 2. 資料 및 硏究方法
• Ⅱ. 氣候資料의 分析
• 1. 寒溫
• 2. 비와 눈
• 3. 바람
• 4. 안개
• 5. 우박
• 6. 서리
• 7. 기타
• Ⅲ. 災害
• 1. 旱災
• 2. 大水災
• 3. 飢饉
• Ⅳ. 氣候特性
• 1. 寒暖
• 2. 乾濕
• Ⅴ. 結論
• 參考文獻
• Abstract