사고력 신장을 위한 초등수학교육 : 문제해결을 중심으로 = Problem-solving in elementary school mathematics

국문 초록 (Abstract)

급변하는 기술정보 사회는 수학교육의 실용성을 더함과 동시에 이에 부합되는 수학적기초 소양의 개념을 바꿔가고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 사회적 요구에 탄력있게 대처하기 위해 아동들이 갖추어야할 수학적 기초 소양 중 하나를 문제해결력으로 보고 초등수학 교육에서의 문제해결력 신장에 대해 검토한다. 이를 위해 구체적으로 첫째, 현대 초등수학 교육에서 문제해결력 신장의 중요성을 논의하고, 둘째, 문제해결 중심 초등수학교육의 성격을 규명하며, 이를 근거로 개정된 6차 초등수학교육과정에서의 문제해결교육의 성격을 검토하고, 세째, 문제해결력 신장을 위한 교수전략을 논의하고 이를 위한 교수적 차원과 교육과정적 차원에서의 제언을 모색해본다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to explore how we approach to elementary school mathematics in order to enhance children's thinking needed in the modern electronic-communication societies which are rapidly changing. Problem solving should be focused in modern elementary School mathmatics on the basis that the process of problem-solving in modern societies needs various elements such as intuition, higher order thinking, attitude and meta-cognition beyond logical reasoning and knowledge.
At first, the elusive concept of problem solving in mathematics education was clarified. Various approaches to mathematical problem solving were also explored in terms of Shroeder and Lester's classification ; teaching about problem solving, teaching for problem solving, and teaching via problem solving. In the former two approaches children are mainly engaged in mechanical deductive application of learned mathematical knowledge and strategies in order to solve problem. Of these approaches, ‘teaching via problem solving' approach was more desireable because it provides children with various experiences which problem solving needs through the process of inductive problem solving.
Our approach including the recent revision of mathematics curriuculum has been limited to the former two approaches. It means that our approach to mathematics education in general is mechanical. Without basic reflection on such mechanical approaches, our effort to enhance children's problem solving ability can be futile.
Although 'teaching via problem solving' can begin with teachers' recognition about the nature of what they teach in their classroom, the actual teaching strategies are also needed. Wheatly's 'problem-centered learning' model featuring task, cooperative group and sharing was discussed as prototype of teaching through problem solving. In addition, in order to include the process of problem solving into the process of instruction, various teaching methods and strategies were explored.
In conclusion, problem solving is one of the most important mathematical competence in modern society and develops through experiences of solving real problems. For this, the roles of students, parents, teachers, and educational administrators are discussed and suggested.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론
• 2. 현대 초등수학교육에서의 문제해결
• 3. 수학교육에서 문제해결학습의 성격규명
• 4. 문제해결을 통한 수학 교수전략
• 4-1. 실생활문제 중심의 교수전략
• 4-2. 실제적 문제상황의 개발 전략
• 5. 문제해결학습을 위한 실천적 과제
• 6. 결론