남명학파(南冥學派)의 정치적 동향과 인조반정(仁祖反正) = Political actions of the members of the Nam`myeong school(南冥學派) and King Injo`s enthronement replacing redecessor Gwang`hae-gun(仁祖反正)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Members of the Nam`myeong school have already seized control of the government in the latter half period of king Seonjo`s reign, and also throughout king Gwang`hae-gun`s reign. Admittedly they had been the minority faction inside the government, yet the national crisis caused by the wars with the Japanese in the 1590s, and the emergency nature of king Gwang`hae-gun`s enthronement, made possible for them to become a dominant faction over the others. The regime they formed was primarily based upon king Gwang`hae-gun`s explicit trust, so their loyalty to the king was quite severe as well. Punishing the king`s brother Im`hae-gun, or eliminating the Kim Jik-jae faction, or even killing off the king`s half brother Yeongchang Daegun in the early days of the king`s reign, were all led by the Nam`myeong members, and the leader Jeong In-hong played an important role in all of those incidents. His actions were based upon a belief -a political philosophy- that any disruptive element which could turn out to be harmful to the legitimacy of the king`s heritage should be destroyed. Yet such obsession eventually invited a criticism and resistance, which called the king a ``murderer`` of his brother, and a person who abandoned his duty to his mother(step mother actually). And it also created a cause for the Nam`in(the Southerners) and Seo`in(the Westerners) party members, to fight and expel the Nam`myeong regime. The inherent weakness of the Nam`myeong school members` academic achievements drove them to promote a movement which claimed that their master Jo Shik should be enshrined at the National Literary shrine(文廟從祀). Yet in the process Jeong In-hong chose to ``degrade`` and criticise the achievements of Yi Eon-jeok and Yi Hwang, and even tried to remove the tablets of some of the honoraries who were already enshrined there. This turned out to be a very unpopular choice of action, and the Nam`myeong regime lost support from many Confucian scholars. Also in retaliation, the name of Jeong In-hong himself was scratched from the 『Cheong`geum-rok』 Manifest, which was a list of Confucian students of the Seong`gyun-gwan university. As a result, in the latter half of Gwang`hae-gun`s reign, the Buk`in(the Northerners) lost support from the other parties(``south`` and ``west``), therefore was placed in a very lonely and precarious situation inside the government, and after Jeong In-hong was executed by the new regime that installed Injo as the replacement king in 1623, the Nam`myeong school itself was politically demolished beyond recovery. Nam`myeong school was one of the leading academic groups that engaged in political and philosophical discussion in the middle period of the Joseon dynasty, along with the Twe`gye school and Yulgok school. Yet after the political party that was called the Northerners was politically defeated in 1623, people`s recognition and evaluation of the academic achievements of the Nam`myeong school in general, which was the mother group of that political faction, came to exhibit a considerable and harsh downfall.