한국과 파키스탄의 농촌개발 타임라인 분석: 파키스탄에 주는 교훈 = Analysis of Rural Development Timeline in Korea and Pakistan: What Lessons Pakistan Can Learn?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main objective of this paper is to sequentially analyze the major themes in rural development by taking the case studies of Pakistan and Korea using the framework proposed by Ellis and Biggs. The data presented in this paper is based on an intensive review of literature and in-depth interviews with some key persons from different organizations in the Republic of Korea. It indicates that at the time of independence, both countries had weak industrial base and the economy was largely dependent on agriculture. Agricultural development remained the main focus of Pakistan’s development policies since independence; however, it was not until early 1970s when development of agriculture and rural areas became the priority of Korean government. Though many development projects have also been implemented in Pakistan since its independence, inconsistent policies adopted by different political regimes is one of the main reasons for comparatively poor performance in agriculture and rural development sectors while the Korean government and policy makers have quickly responded to different challenges that emerged from time to time. It seems that Korean government is taking necessary measures to diversify the rural economy through the promotion of agricultural value addition, rural tourism and improved marketing infrastructure to meet new challenges, along with the commendable efforts of its research and extension organizations; however the response of Pakistan seems rather sluggish in this respect. The concluding argument is that though contextual, cultural and socio-economic differences may be taken into account while comparing the development history of different countries, developing countries can learn substantially from the experiences of a developed country in some particular sector, notably in the problem solving approach, integrated strategy, agricultural value addition, strengthening of local governments, livelihood diversification in rural areas, effective linkages between different organizations and emphasis on sustainable livelihoods.