당대(唐代) 유종원(柳宗元)· 유우석(劉禹錫)의 유불융합(儒佛融合) = Convergence between Confucianism and Buddhism by Liu Zong-yuan and Liu Yu-xi in Tang Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the thought of ‘Convergence between Confucianism and Buddhism’ advocated by LiuZongYuan and LiuYuXi in the Tang Dynasty.
Accordingly, this paper first discusses the changes in Buddhism and Confucianism after the ‘Anshi(安史) Rebellion’. After the Anshi Rebellion, the mainstream of Chinese Buddhism was the Northern Chan of the Shenxiu (神秀) lineage, and then the Southern Chan of the Huineng(慧能) lineage became the mainstream. This is because Heze Shenhui(荷澤神會) played an important role in pacifying the Anshi Rebellion. And because of this, Huineng was officially granted the status of ‘Six Patriarchs’ by the state, and only then could the “the Platform Sutra of the Six Patriarch” officially emerge. However, in “the Platform Sutra of the Six Patriarch”, Confucianism's theory of personality and mind is used in terms of the theory of Buddha nature, which ultimately provided an important clue to the integration of Confucianism and Buddhism. And in Confucianism, LiangSu(梁肅) proposed ‘Fuxingmingjing(復性明靜)’ by conversing the Zhiguan(止觀) of Tiantai(天台) and the thought of Zhongyong(中庸). It was discussed that LiAo(李翶) realized the Chan principles of Southern Chan from YaoShanWeiYan(藥山惟儼) and discovered the theory of the return of nature and proposed the convergence of Confucianism and Buddhism.
In addition, LiuZongYuan placed great importance on Tiantai studies to the extent that his name is listed in the Dharma lineages of the Tiantai sect. For this reason, LiuZongYuan presents the thought of convergence with Confucianism through the middle path, which is emphasized in Tiantai studies. Meanwhile, LiuZongYuan showed an attitude of criticizing Southern Chan style, which was popular at the time, but the epitaph of Huineng of the Sixth Patriarch contains a discussion of content that reconnects Southern Chan's thoughts with Confucianism.
On the other hand, LiuYuXi was close to LiuZongYuan throughout his life, but ideologically he showed extreme importance to Southern Chan.
LiuYuXi emphasized that Buddhism has ideas that make up for the shortcomings of Confucianism, and especially argued that thoughts of Southern Chan are like the sun that will brighten the long darkness for the Chinese people.
The thought of contemporaneous Confucian scholars to integrate Buddhism and Confucianism played an important role in the emergence of ‘Lixue(理學)’ and ‘Xinxue(心學)’ in the Song Dynasty. Here convergence of Buddhism and Confucianism advocated by LiuZongYuan and LiuYuXi can be found to have important ideological and historical significance.

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