Sulfide- and halide-based solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity are expected to enable the realization of high-energy-density all-solid-state batteries through their integration with Ni-rich cathodes. Nevertheless, their practical applicatio...
Sulfide- and halide-based solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity are expected to enable the realization of high-energy-density all-solid-state batteries through their integration with Ni-rich cathodes. Nevertheless, their practical application remains challenging due to pronounced performance decay in composite cathodes, driven by coupled (electro)chemical and mechanical degradation. Notably, the solid electrolyte within the cathode plays a decisive role; therefore, clarifying electrolyte-specific degradation mechanisms is essential. In this study, we investigate LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes combined with sulfide-based Li6PS5Cl (NCM-LPSCl) and halide-based Li2ZrCl6 (NCM-LZC) to elucidate the degradation pathways governed by solid electrolytes. Our results demonstrate a two-step degradation process: an initial capacity loss dictated by the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte, followed by long-term fading arising from its interaction with the cathode, ultimately resulting in distinct degradation patterns. For NCM-LPSCl, (electro)chemical degradation is the dominant factor from the very first cycle, originating from parasitic reactions such as SE oxidation and cathode surface reduction, leading to severe initial capacity loss. The resulting products, including SOx, POx, and NiO-like rock-salt phase, increase overall cell impedance and hinder Li+ extraction during charging in extended cycling, inducing charge fading. By contrast, NCM-LZC exhibits greater chemical stability, mitigating such degradation. Yet, a see-saw effect emerges, as the higher reversibility of the cathode promotes mechanically driven degradation during prolonged cycling. The sustained deep utilization imposes lattice strain and interfacial stress, which lead to void and crack formation within the cathode, ultimately resulting in progressive discharge fading. Overall, our findings highlight SE-dependent degradation factors: resistive interphases in NCM-LPSCl and mechanical contact loss in NCM-LZC, leading to distinct capacity fading patterns.