노동의 신성화와 동학의 근대성 -최시형을 중심으로- = Sacred Labor and Modernity of Tonghak -Focused on Choi, Sihyong-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Chosun Dynasty was a society where the hierarchical order of the traditional four statuses of intellectuals, peasants, artisans and tradesmen was strictly established. In Confucianism, academic activities were highly valued and physical labor was considered to be lower on the whole. The way to overcome this barrier of occupation was practically difficult to develop in its own theory of admitting the status distinction of high and low or noble and mean. The momentum of accepting the value of labor in Korean society was only gained in the nineteenth century Tonghak by actively practicing and internalizing the daily ethics of diligence, frugality, faithfulness, and modesty. This paper looked over how Choi, Sihyong, the second religious leader of Tonghak, settled the Tonghak ethics as the ethics of everyday life and how the labor obtained its worth in the process. A modern characteristic of Tonghak was also seen in which the internalization of religious ethics paved the way for the basis of modern civil religion.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 오문환, "해월 최시형의 정치사상" 모시는 사람들 2003

2 차남희, "한국 고대사회의 정치변동과 무교: 고대국가 건국을 중심으로" 한국정치학회 39 (39): 301-319, 2005

3 조용만, "청빈의 서" 교문사 1969

4 이돈화, "천도교창건사" 경인문화사 1970

5 천도교백년약사, "천도교백년약사" 미래문화사 1981

6 천도교경전, "천도교경전공부하기" 모시는 사람 2010

7 안병직, "조선후기의 직업관" 37 (37): 191-211, 1998

8 김영호, "정다산의 직업관: 사민구직론을 중심으로" 정음문화사 723-744, 1985

9 조경달, "이단의 민중반란: 동학과 갑오농민전쟁 그리고 조선 민중의 내셔널리즘" 역사비평사 2008

10 동경대전, "새로 쓰는 동학" 집문당 2003

11 용담유사, "새로 쓰는 동학" 집문당 2003

12 삼국사기, "삼국사기" 을유문화사 1993

13 김영호, "다산실학에 있어서 윤리와 경제. in: 연세실학강좌 I" 혜안 247-280, 2003

14 박종채, "나의 아버지 박지원" 돌베개 2005

15 양반전, "국역연암집2" 민족문화추진회 2004

16 김신선전, "국역연암집2" 민족문화추진회 2004

17 趙景達, "朝鮮人の勞動觀: 大韓帝國期を中心に. in: ほるもん文化 2: はたらく在日朝鮮人" 新幹社 121-142, 1991

18 Bellah, Robert N., "Tokugawa Religion: The Values of Pre-Industrial Japan" The Free Press 1957

19 Weber, Max, "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism" Routledge 2001

20 Bellah, Robert N., "Religion and Progress in Modern Asia" The Free Press 1965