新世紀 初頭(2000-2012年) 中國 太平天國史學界의 苦惱와 實驗的 挑戰 = A Reflection on Chinese Researches on the History of the Taiping Rebellion during the Past Decade

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

First decade of 21th century was an important turning point in the historiography of the Taiping Rebellion in China. “Revolution-oriented” theory(혁명사론)" which was the basic paradigm in research on Chinese modern history became powerless, and scholars are searching for new perspectives and research methods. Some newly emerging trends are found as follows in Chinese academia of the history of the Taiping Rebellion since the year of 2000.
First of all, fundamentally doubting usefulness of the class struggle and class analysis theory, researchers criticized the traditional quoting method--presenting words of Marx or Sun Wen as grounds for their argument-- in favor of pure academic studies with “broadened perspectives”.
Second, researchers are energetically accepting the Western theories and studying methods as the new study paradigm. They introduced various theories such as Max Weber’s charisma, Michel Foucault’s discipline, recent theories of psychosociology, mentality, social movement, rumor, and the Western academic literatures about the Chinese society such as Philip Kuhn’s Hunan research. They also adopted the new method of analysis with new concepts such as “royal power vs divine authority”, “Confucianization”, “military aristocrats”, and “politics”.
Third, there happened fundamental criticisms about the historical status of the Taiping movement and its leader Hong Xiuquan: the Taipings were just a military regime, not a revolution nor a nation, holding back historical developments with great disasters for Chinese society and people; The Taiping Religion was nothing but an sectarian, unorthodox, evil one; Hong Xiuquan didn’t do any practical role in the early history of the Taipings and was extravagant, corrupt, cruel, and incompetent and triggered internal power struggle, so he have to take effective responsibility for the demise of the Taipings.
Fourth, a shift in generation among researchers is actively proceeding. Many researchers turned their attention to other fields and there are so many historical materials and research literatures, but new strong elder and younger scholars are appearing especially in the fields of religion, local administration, Northern Expedition, women, Heavenly Elder Brother’s descension, psycho-mentality research, symbol, and rumor.
Fifth, both traditional subjects(religion, institution, women, policy and its reality etc.) as well as new socio-historical subjects(village system, rumor, psychosociological attitude, population, disease, food etc.) became popular. With its inner genetic problems(shamanistic elements, roaming and predatory characteristic of the movement, problematic personality and composition of the leaders, limits of the land system, the status of women, capital city Tianjing’s unsafe administration, unfriendly relationship between local people and the Taiping army in the north), the Taiping regime is evaluated as being inferior to the Qing dynasty. It is due to the scarce of historical materials that regional studies are converged in Jiangnan and the Guangxi province, being with the impressive Huizhou case study.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 태평천국사의 진면목은 어디에?
• 2. 계급론적 해석과 전통적 글쓰기 방식의 비판
• 3. 태평천국운동의 성질과 시기구분에 대한 시각의 확장
• 4. 광서성의 사회구조(향촌, 토속신앙)의 중요성에 대한 재발견
• 5. 신앙과 개인, 집단에 대한 새로운 연구패러다임의 도입
• 6. 새로운 틀로 보는 태평천국 지방통치론
• 7. 제도의 실상들
• 8. 지역사, 인구, 질병에 대한 관심의 지속
• 9. 맺음말
• 참고문헌