실제 경제수준과 지각된 경제수준 간 차이에 따른 어머니의 정신건강, 양육행동 및 유아의 문제행동 비교 = The Objective and Perceived Level of Economy and Its Relationship with Mother's Mental Health, Parenting Behaviors, and Problem Behaviors in Preschoolers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the objective and perceived level of economy and its relationship with mother's mental health, parenting behaviors, and problem behaviors in preschoolers. Data drawn from mothers and teachers of 238 preschoolers, ages 3-5, were used. Using the objective and perceived level of economy, subjects were classified into four groups. Individuals categorized as high by objective and perceived level of economy, low by objective and perceived level of economy, high by objective and low by perceived level of economy, and low by objective and high by perceived level of economy were categorized as in-agreement/high group, in-agreement/low group, over-estimator group, and under-estimator group, respectively. To investigate the difference between groups, one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc analyses were used. The results showed that in-agreement/low group and under-estimator group showed greater depression and anxiety than in-agreement/high group and over-estimator group. In addition, in-agreement/high group and over-estimator group showed greater affective parenting behaviors and lower aggressive parenting behaviors than in-agreement/low group and under-estimator group. In terms of internalizing problem behavior by mother, in-agreement/high group and over-estimator group were lower than under-estimator group. In terms of externalizing problem behavior by mother, in-agreement/high group was lower than under-estimator group. However, in terms of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior by teacher, there was no difference between groups. In externalizing problem behavior by teacher, in-agreement/low group was lower than over-estimator group.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 경제적 수준에 대한 어머니의 지각이 어머니의 정신건강, 양육행동 및 유아의 문제행동과 어떤 관계를 갖는지 살펴보고자, 만 3세에서 5세 유아 238명의 어머니와 교사들을 대상으로 수행되었다. 실제 경제수준은 해당연도 보육비 지원정책에 따른 보육비 지원 정도를 기준으로 하였고, 어머니가 지각하는 경제수준, 정신건강(우울/불안) 및 양육행동에 관한 자료는 설문조사를 통해 수집되었으며, 자녀의 문제행동 자료는 어머니와 교사로부터 수집되었다. 실제 경제수준과 지각된 경제수준의 상/하에 따라 네 개의 집단으로 구분하고, 집단 간 어머니의 정신건강, 양육행동 및 유아의 문제 행동에 차이가 있는지 살펴보기 위해 일원변량분석과 사후분석을 실시하였다. 네 개의 집단은 실제와 지각된 경제수준이 모두 높을 경우 ‘일치高’, 둘 다 낮을 경우 ‘일치低’, 실제 경제수준은 높지만 지각된 경제수준은 낮은 경우 ‘지각低’, 마지막으로 실제 경제수준은 낮지만 지각된 경제수준은 높은 경우 ‘지각高’ 집단으로 나뉘었다. 주요 결과로는, 어머니의 우울과 불안에 있어서 일치高와 지각高 집단이 일치低와 지각低 집단보다 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 양육행동 중 온정적 양육에 있어서는 일치高 집단이 일치低 집단보다 양호한 것으로 나타났고, 적대적 양육에 있어서는 일치低와 지각低 집단이 일치高와 지각高 집단보다 높은 경향성을 보였다. 유아의 문제행동 증 어머니가 평가한 내재화 문제의 경우 일치高와 지각高 집단이 지각低 집단보다 양호한 것으로 나타났고, 외현화 문제에서는 일치高 집단이 지각低 집단보다 양호한 수준을 나타냈다. 이와 대조적으로 교사가 평가한 문제행동의 경우 내재화와 외현화 모두 집단간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 외현화 문제에서 일치低 집단이 지각高 집단보다 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

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