This study intended to shed new light on resultant problems, especially effects exerting on national security, from many perspectives as the mineral resource had currently reinforced its influence more by providing the industry, the society and the ec...
This study intended to shed new light on resultant problems, especially effects exerting on national security, from many perspectives as the mineral resource had currently reinforced its influence more by providing the industry, the society and the economic structure with a decisive chance. In other words, since the mining industry belonged to the interest field, not the main industry in the industry and the economy of communistic Mongolia before the democratic system was implemented, its influence was not significant. But, as Mongolia started to be called the 10th rich country with mineral resources since 2000, it had continuously strengthened its influence in the mining industry and thus the mining industry became a driving force of the economic grow that present. In addition, the study examined that Mongolia had the dependent economic structure as the mining industry occupied 1/4 of GNP (gross national product), 1/2 of the industrial production, and 3/4 of export, and clarified the connectivity between interests with surrounding countries, domestic conditions, strategic resources, and promotion of foreign investment, and many different field such as politics, economy, society, diplomacy, and security.
Even though Mongolia was evaluated to be a country achieving the successful system transition as Mongolian economy showed the fastest speed and performance of reform except Eastern European countries such as Czech Republic and Hungary through increase in the inflow of foreign investment, the economic ripple effect was not exerted on the other fields. Mongolia attempted to amend the situation that it faced by releasing the concept of ‘strategic resources’ through establishment of the Mineral Law in 2006, but did not obtain the expected result. On the contrary, Mongolia came to have many problems such as consolidation of dependence on surrounding countries abroad, promotion of foreign investment focused on the mineral industry nationally, and reinforcement of resource nationalistic appearance to national strategic resources.
Therefore, the study considered effects of Mongolia’s mineral resource policy on national security and resultant problems and discussed roles and implications of Mongolia along with the direction of mineral resource policy. Furthermore, the study suggested tasks that had to be overcome at the national security level and then emphasized that transaction timing and market establishment were matters to be remembered so that the mineral resource policy could contribute to economic development.