多文化家庭 兒童의 心理社會的 適應에 影響을 미치는 要因에 관한 硏究 = (A)study on the factors influencing psychosocial adjustments of children of multi-culture families

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

ABSTRACT*

A Study on the Factors Influencing Psychosocial Adjustments of Children of Multi-Culture Families


Young Joo, Lee.

Department of Social Welfare
Graduate School, Kong Ju National University
Kong Ju, Korea

Supervised by Professor Wook Hyueon, Baek.


There are more studies on international couples in Korea than ever along with the rapidly increasing international marriage. However, most of them are focusing on the couple conflicts or violence against women immigrants after the international marriage. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial adjustments status of multi-culture children and examine the important factors of them. The precise and available data from this study would contribute to the related policies or programs for multi-culture children to prepare more adaptive skills that they live with as adaptive Koreans.
The specific research procedure to accomplish this was as follows. First, the actual psychosocial adjustments status of multi-culture children was investigated. The Second deals with what are risk and protective factors among various factors affecting multi-culture children's psychosocial adjustments. Third, the relationship between the risk factors and protective factors was analysed.
The scales of factors were constructed; risk factors preventing the children from psychosocial adjustments and protective factors helping them to adjust. They were chosen through the analysis of the data from the pilot test and they were used as measurement instruments of this research. In addition, K-YSR was used as a criterion of psychosocial adjustments. Subjects consisted of 1,313 children of elementary schools in Kyungi-Do. The data were collected through the personal interview led by their home room teachers or the questionnaire filled by children themselves according to the their level of understanding of interview items.
T-test and ANOVA were used to investigate the status of psychological adjustments of multi-culture children. Factor analysis used to find out the risk factors and protective factors. Multi-regression analysis was also used to estimate of the relative influence a each factor.
The results were as follows. First, there was significant difference in children's psychosocial adjustments according to sex, school year, mother's nationality, father's occupation and the standard of living. Second, 6 factors were drawn as risk factors of the psychosocial adjustments in total; family relation factor, personal factor, school relation factor, psychological alienation factor, friend relation factor and cultural alienation factor. Among these, personal factor, psychological alienation factor and school relation factor were in order shown more negative to the children's psychosocial adjustments. This means that psychological characteristic and school relation factor appeared to be important risk factors. Third, 7 factors were drawn as protective factors of the psychosocial adjustments; culture relation factor, family relation factor, friend relation factor, neighborhood factor, religion relation factor, school relation factor, and teacher relation factor. Friend relation factor, school relation factor, family relation factor appeared to be important protective factors among 7 factors. Fourth, the correlation between 6 risk factors and 7 protective factors appeared negative. Fifth, it appeared that personal risk factor has the most influence on the children's psychosocial adjustments among all risk and protective factors. And other factors followed in order; psychological alienation risk factor, neighborhood protective factor, school relation risk factor, friend relation protective factor and teacher relation protective factor.
On the basis of the major findings of this study, the following conclusions have been made. The children of multi-culture families suffered difficulty in psychosocial adjustments as they enter the senior years of elementary school. Especially the maladjustments of the children whose mothers' nationalities were Vietnam, China, Philippines was shown to be relatively severe. The risk factors of psychosocial adjustments of the multi-culture children were personal factor, psychological alienation factor, school relation factor. A friend relation and school relation factor were working as protective factors. The support from peer groups and sound friend relation were the influential protective factors which could relieve their maladjustments. In addition, there appeared negative correlation between the protective factors like family relation, school relation, friend relation and risk factors. This means that the protective factors played a role of relieving the influence of the negative factors. Finally, it was the personal risk factor that had the greatest effect on psychosocial adjustments of multi-culture children. This result made us prospect that the children in multi-culture families who experience the maladjustments from the lack of self-confidence, depression could suffer from identity crises arriving at their adolescent period and have negative self-concepts of occupation and marriage in their adult ages.
Based on these results, it is proposed to develop the programs to consider psychological, emotional characteristics of the children of multi-culture families. Teacher training programs are also necessary to promote a bullying prevention education for the multi-culture children. We also need to design support programs for multi-culture families including their children. It is proposed that need a dual language support programs for the children of multi-culture families.

Keyword : children of multi-culture families, risk factor, protective factor, psychosocial adjustment, internalized problem, externalized problem

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 4
• 3. 용어의 정의 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 8
• 1. 국제결혼과 다문화가정 8
• 1) 한국사회의 국제결혼 8
• 2) 국제결혼과 문화적응 10
• 3) 다문화가정의 복지서비스 15
• 2. 심리사회적 적응 22
• 1) 심리사회적 적응의 개념 22
• 2) 심리사회적 적응의 관련요인 23
• 3) 다문화가정 아동의 심리사회적 적응 28
• 3. 선행연구 고찰 31
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 34
• 1. 연구모형 34
• 2. 연구대상 35
• 3. 측정도구 36
• 1) 척도개발 38
• 2) 적응실태 설문 43
• 3) 심리사회적 적응척도 44
• 4. 자료수집 방법 및 절차 45
• 5. 자료 분석 46
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 47
• 1. 다문화가정 아동의 심리사회적 적응실태 47
• 1) 개인적 특성에 따른 심리사회적 적응 47
• 2) 가족관련 특성에 따른 심리사회적 적응 49
• 3) 환경적 특성에 따른 심리사회적 적응 53
• 2. 심리사회적 적응에 영향을 미치는 요인 55
• 1) 위험요인 분석 55
• 2) 위험요인이 심리사회적 적응에 미치는 영향 60
• 3) 보호요인 분석 62
• 4) 보호요인이 심리사회적 적응에 미치는 영향 67
• 3. 위험요인과 보호요인간의 관계 70
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 75
• 1. 논의 75
• 1) 연구결과에 대한 논의 75
• 2) 연구방법에 대한 논의 83
• 2. 결론 및 제언 85
• 참고문헌 88
• ABSTRACT 99
• 부 록 103
• <부록 1> 사전탐색 면접 결과 104
• <부록 2> 위험요인 추출을 위한 심층면접 분석 109
• <부록 3> 보호요인 추출을 위한 심층면접 분석 110
• <부록 4> 심리사회적 적응에 대한 요인분석 111
• <부록 5> 가족 형태에 따른 심리사회적 적응 변량분석 112
• <부록 6> 아버지 국적에 따른 심리사회적 적응 변량분석 112
• <부록 7> 아버지 학력에 따른 심리사회적 적응 변량분석 113
• <부록 8> 거주 지역에 따른 심리사회적 적응 차이검증 113
• <부록 9> 심층면접 문항 114
• <부록 10> 면접 대본(저학년용) 115
• <부록 11> 질문지(고학년용) 123