National cancer control programmes : policies and managerial guidelines

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅶ
• Acknowledgements = ⅸ
• Executive summary = xiii
• Introduction = 1
• Part Ⅰ. The scientific basis of national cancer control programmes = 5
• 1. The nature of cancer = 7
• Biological aspects of cancer = 7
• Social aspects of cancer = 10
• 2. The causes of cancer = 13
• Biological factors in cancer etiology = 13
• External agents important for cancer control = 13
• Physical carcinogens = 14
• Chemical carcinogens = 15
• Biological carcinogens = 16
• Dietary influences = 16
• Social factors in cancer etiology = 16
• Relative importance of various causes of cancer = 19
• 3. Extent, distribution, and trends of cancer = 21
• Cancer as a world health problem = 21
• Cancer of various sites in different countries = 24
• Cancer trends over time = 25
• Social and economic impacts of cancer = 26
• Part Ⅱ. Approaches to cancer control = 27
• 4. Introduction = 29
• 5. Primary prevention = 30
• Tobacco = 30
• Diet = 39
• Alcohol = 43
• Occupation and environment = 47
• Infections and cancer = 52
• Sunlight = 53
• Sexual and reproductive factors = 55
• 6. Early detection of cancer = 58
• Education for early diagnosis = 58
• Screening for cancer = 61
• 7. Treatment of cancer = 70
• Aims and limitations of treatment for cancer = 71
• Development of a treatment policy = 76
• Development of referral policies = 77
• Ethical aspects of cancer therapy = 78
• Evaluation of effectiveness of treatment = 80
• 8. Palliative care = 82
• 9. Cancer control research = 87
• Part Ⅲ. Establishing and managing national cancer control programmes = 89
• 10. Establishing a national cancer control programme = 91
• Assessing the magnitude of the cancer challenge = 92
• Prevention policy = 97
• Integration with national health programming = 98
• Intersectoral aspects of cancer control = 99
• Setting measurable cancer control objectives = 100
• Evaluating possible strategies for cancer control = 103
• Choosing priorities for initial cancer control activities = 104
• Political will for cancer control = 105
• 11. Managing the establishment of a national cancer control programme = 106
• Planning the NCCP = 106
• Establishing the NCCP = 107
• Launching the NCCP with a workshop = 107
• Developing a communication strategy = 108
• Recruiting leaders = 108
• Consideration of existing health care systems = 109
• Consultation with nongovernmental organizations = 109
• Ensuring community involvement = 110
• Preparing a draft national cancer control plan = 110
• Organizing a national conference = 110
• Changing legislation = 111
• Identifying resources for the NCCP = 111
• Reviewing the role of existing organizations in cancer control = 111
• Identifying the systems that already exist = 112
• Drawing up a budget for cancer control = 113
• 12. Implementing and maintaining a national cancer control programme = 115
• Functions of the NCCP = 115
• Management activities in the NCCP = 116
• The NCCP coordinator = 116
• The NCCP management board = 117
• Fund-raising = 117
• Creating an identity for the NCCP = 117
• Evaluation of the NCCP = 118
• 13. Monitoring and evaluating components of the national cancer control programme = 119
• Prevention = 121
• Early detection of cancer = 121
• Treatment = 122
• Palliative care = 122
• References = 123
• Annexes
• 1. Calculation of expected age-specific mortality rates in different regions = 128
• 2. Outline agenda for a workshop on national cancer control programmes = 129
• 3. Example of a programme for a national cancer control workshop = 131
• 4. Evaluation of a national cancer control programme = 134