Sustainable desalination handbook : plant selection, design and implementation

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Contributors = xiii
• Biography = xv
• Preface = xvii
• Acknowledgments = xxiii
• Part 1 Desalination Process Selection and Implementation = 1
• 1. Membrane Desalination—Process Selection, Design, and Implementation / Nikolay Voutchkov = 3
• 1.1 Overview = 3
• 1.2 NF System Configurations = 6
• 1.3 BWRO System Configurations = 7
• 1.4 Seawater System Configurations = 9
• References = 24
• 2. Energy Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis Abhishek Shrivastava / Derek Stevens = 25
• 2.1 Introduction = 25
• 2.2 Energetics of Desalination = 27
• 2.3 Reverse Osmosis Energy Consumption = 30
• 2.4 Conclusion and Future Opportunities = 49
• References = 51
• Further Reading = 54
• 3. Environmental Impact and Technoeconomic Analysis of Hybrid MSF／RO Desalination : The Case Study of AI Taweelah A2 Plant Aisha Al Bloushi / Adewale Giwa ; Toufic Mezher ; Shadi W. Hasan = 55
• 3.1 Introduction = 56
• 3.2 Hybrid Desalination Systems = 59
• 3.3 Case Study:Technoeconomic Assessment and Environmental Impacts of Hybridization for Al Taweelah A2 MSF Plant in Abu Dhabi—UAE = 73
• 3.4 Results and Discussion = 88
• 3.5 Future Prospects of Desalination Technologies = 93
• 3.6 Conclusion = 94
• Acknowledgment = 94
• References = 94
• 4. Trigeneration and Polygeneration Configurations for Desalination and Other Beneficial Processes Francesco Calise / Massimo Dentice d'Accadia ; Edoardo Quiriti ; Maria Vicidomini ; Antonio Piacentino = 99
• 4.1 Introduction = 102
• 4.2 Layout of the Systems Investigated = 114
• 4.3 Simulation Model = 119
• 4.4 Results = 149
• 4.5 Conclusion = 191
• References = 192
• 5. Design and Construction of Open Intakes / Nikolay Voutchkov = 201
• 5.1 Introduction = 201
• 5.2 Open Intakes = 202
• References = 225
• 6. Design and Construction of Subsurface Intakes / Dennis E. Williams = 227
• 6.1 Subsurface Intake Systems for Desalination Feedwater Supply = 227
• 6.2 Selected Case Histories = 242
• 6.3 Subsurface Intake Systems—Advantages and Disadvantages = 251
• 6.4 Summary of Findings = 255
• References = 257
• 7. Brine Disposal and Management—Planning, Design,and Implementation / Ozeair Abessi = 259
• 7.1 Introduction = 259
• 7.2 Desalination Technology = 259
• 7.3 Environmental Considerations and Rules = 261
• 7.4 Brine Discharge Modeling and Design = 264
• 7.5 Conclusions = 296
• References = 298
• Further Reading = 303
• 8. Post-Treatment of Desalinated Water—Chemistry, Design, Engineering, and Implementation Liat Birnhack / Ori Lahav = 305
• 8.1 Introduction = 305
• 8.2 Basic Chemical Principles = 314
• 8.3 Desalination Post-Treatment Methods: State of the Art = 322
• 8.4 Innovative Post-Treatment Processes for Attaining Magnesium in the Product Water = 331
• 8.5 Comparison Between PT Methods = 337
• 8.6 Recent full-scale project experience = 342
• 8.7 Summary = 345
• References = 346
• 9. Desalination Concentrate Management and Valorization Methods Antonio Santos Sanchez / Angelo Paggi Matos = 351
• 9.1 Introduction = 351
• 9.2 Beneficial Uses of Desalination Brines/Concentrates = 355
• 9.3 Conclusion and Future Trends = 386
• References = 389
• Further Reading = 399
• Part 2 Issues in Sustainable Desalination = 401
• 10. Environmental Regulations—Inland and Coastal Desalination Case Studies / J. Jaime Sadhwani Alonso ; Noemi Melian-Martel = 403
• 10.1 Introduction = 403
• 10.2 Environmental Impact Regulation = 404
• 10.3 General Potential Impacts from Desalination Facilities = 408
• 10.4 Case Studies = 412
• 10.5 Conclusions = 432
• References = 433
• 11. Impacts of Seawater Desalination on Coastal Environments / Karen L. Petersen ; H ila Frank ; Adina Paytan ; Edo Bar-Zeev = 437
• 11.1 Introduction = 437
• 11.2 The Impact of Desalination Brine Effluent on Zooplankton = 440
• 11.3 Benthic Bacteria Around the Outfall of Desalination Facilities = 442
• 11.4 Short- and Long-Term Impact of SWRO Brine-Effluent Discharge on Benthic Bacteria = 443
• 11.5 Impact of Osmotic Stress on Benthic Meiofauna = 444
• 11.6 The Effects of Desalination Brine Effluent on Seagrass = 447
• 11.7 Desalination Brine-Effluent Impacts on Fish Larvae = 450
• 11.8 The Effects of Desalination Brine Effluent on Corals Physiology = 452
• 11.9 Looking Forward: Nexus of SWRO Desalination and Coastal Environments = 455
• References = 456
• Further Reading = 463
• 12. Microbial Communities in the Process and Effluents of Seawater Desalination Plants / Natalia Belkin ; Nurit Kress ; liana Berman-Frank = 465
• 12.1 Introduction = 465
• 12.2 Desalination Impact on Microbial Communities = 469
• 12.3 Gaps in Knowledge and Outlook = 482
• Acknowledgment = 483
• References = 483
• Further Reading = 487
• 13. Impact of Algal Blooms and Their Toxins on Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant Operations / Erica L. Seubert ; David A. Caron = 489
• 13.1 Establishing the Presence of Microalgal Toxins in Desalination Intake Waters = 494
• 13.2 Experimental Investigations Into Microalgal Toxin Removal by RO Membranes = 497
• References = 498
• 14. Social Issues and Public Acceptance of Seawater Desalination Plants / Brent Haddad ; Nadine Heck ; Adina Paytan ; Donald Potts = 505
• 14.1 Introduction = 505
• 14.2 Potential Impacts of Seawater Desalination = 509
• 14.3 Public Perception of Seawater Desalination = 510
• 14.4 Research Needs in Public Perception and Desalination = 518
• 14.5 Conclusion = 520
• References = 520
• Further Reading = 523
• 15. Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Water Desalination Processes / Habib Cherif ; Jamel Belhadj = 527
• 15.1 Introduction = 527
• 15.2 Desalination Technologies = 528
• 15.3 Desalination Processes Powered by Renewable Energy Sources = 539
• 15.4 Assessment of Desalination Environmental Impact = 541
• 15.5 Eco-Design and Eco-Optimization of an RO Water Desalination = 552
• 15.6 Technological Challenges and the Future of Desalination = 554
• 15.7 Conclusion 554 Acknowledgment = 555
• References = 555
• Index = 561