요한복음 18:1-27에 나타난 ἐγώ εἰμι와 οὐκ εἰμι = ἐγώ εἰμι and οὐκ εἰμι in John 18:1-27 -Focusing on the Characterization of Peter-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main goal of the article is to explore the distinctive theological meanings based on the characterizations of Peter and other characters by focusing on Peter's swordplay and denials and Jesus' self-identification and witness through a narrative reading on John 18:1-27. For this narrative exegesis, the characterization is critically surveyed under the rubric of the narrative criticism and source criticism. While the narrative unfolds, the distinctive features of each character are also portrayed.
In John 18:1-9, Judas is portrayed as a traitor and he was standing with the arresting party, yet Jesus knocks them to the ground by the divine selfidentification formula (ἐγώ, εἰμι). Likewise, Jesus completely controls this dangerous situation with his divine word, but Peter attacks the high priest's servant (Malchus) through his swordplay in an attempt to defend and protect Jesus. Jesus was not impressed by Peter's inconsiderate behavior and rather speaks to him solemnly about his mistaken action(18:10-11). Ultimately, Jesus was arrested and brought into the high priest's house(18:13).
After his first denial, Peter was standing with the servants of the high priest and was keeping warm by the fire(18:18, 25). Peter's standing with them recalls how Judas stood with the armed soldiers to arrest Jesus. Also, Peter's two, "I am not"(ouvk εἰμι) denials(18:17, 25) are starkly contrasted with Jesus' three "I am he"(ἐγώ, εἰμι) confessional self-identification statements (18, 5, 6 and 8). Peter's three denials in John 18:15-18, 25-27 come from the cutaway scene of Jesus' interrogation before the high priest with scenes of Peter's denials before the servants (gatekeeper, the servants, and a relative of Malchus) in the courtyard of the high priest. Thus, the characterizations between Jesus and Peter are even more starkly contrasted in John 18:19-24.
When Jesus was investigated by the high priest about his disciples and his teaching, he boldly declares his openly publicized teaching without of secrecy and rather challenges him, "Ask those who heard me. Surely they know him what I said"(18:21). Moreover, Jesus did not hide his disciples and he did not betray his disciples, while Peter did keep his secret about Jesus and betrayed him by denying him three times.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 여는 글
• 2. 요한복음 18:1-27의 내러티브 문맥
• 3. 유다의 배신과 예수의 체포(18:1-9)
• 4. 베드로의 칼과 칼집(18:10-11)
• 5. 애제자 그리고 베드로의 첫 번째 부인(18:12-18)
• 6. 대제사장의 심문과 예수(18:19-24)
• 7. 베드로의 두 번째와 세 번째 부인(18:25-27)
• 8. 결론
• Abstract