중노년기 미국성인들의 심리적 복지감: 전생애 발달과정의 부모자녀관계와 생산감 발달의 영향 = Psychological Well-being in Mid to Late Adulthood of American: Parent-child Relationship across the Lifespan and Generativity Development

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the relationship between parent-child relationship experiences in childhood and adulthood, and individual development and psychological well-being in mid to later life using structural equation modeling with data from 1,882 parents who have at least one child over 18 years old. Findings indicated that receiving more affectionate parenting in childhood was associated with greater generativity development, more positive parental experiences with one’s own children, and better psychological well-being in mid to later adulthood. In addition, the effects of received parenting in childhood on psychological well-being after midlife were partially mediated by parental experiences with adult children and generativity development. These findings suggest that early experiences with parents in childhood continuously influence psychological well-being in adulthood through their impact on concurrent family experiences. However, early influences can be redirected through adult experiences too. These findings have implications for the development of intervention programs aimed at promoting volunteer work for older adults, as well as for practitioners who work with families and individuals who are having problems.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 18세 이상의 자녀를 둔 1,882명의 부모들을 대상으로 전생애과정의 부모자녀관계와 성인기의 발달, 그리고 중노년기 심리적 복지감 간의 관계를 이해하기 위해 심리사회 발달적 관점과 생애과정 발달적 관점을 적용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 구체적으로 회상된 성인기 이전 부모자녀관계가 성인기 부모자녀관계와 생산감 발달에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고, 이러한 성인기 전후의 경험들이 중노년기 심리적 복지감에 어떠한 역할을 하는지를 밝히는데 목적을 두었다. 연구결과는 성인기 이전에 부모로부터 호의적인 양육을 받았다고 회상할수록 성인기에 더 긍정적인 부모자녀관계를 갖고, 생산감도 더 많이 발달되며, 중노년기의 심리적 복지감도 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 성인기 부모자녀관계가 긍정적일수록 생산감이 많이 발달하였고 심리적 복지감도 높았다. 마지막으로, 생산감이 높을수록 심리적 복지감도 증진하는 것으로 나타났다. 성인기 이전에 부모로부터 받았다고 회상하는 양육방식이 중년기 이후 심리적 복지감에 미치는 영향은 성인기 부모자녀관계와 생산감 발달에 의해 부분적으로 매개되었다. 따라서 성인기 이전의 부모로부터 호의적인 양육을 받지 못했어도 성인기에 긍정적인 부모자녀관계를 형성하거나 높은 생산감을 발전시킨 경우는 높은 심리적 복지감을 형성한다는 것이다. 이러한 연구결과들은 성인기 이전 경험들이 지속적으로 성인기 심리적 복지감에 영향을 주며 그 영향력이 현재의 가족관계에 영향을 미치지만, 이는 성인기 경험들에 의해 변할 수도 있다는 사실을 시사한다.

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