PURPOSE : This descriptive study was attempted to identify the influence of internal marketing perception, empowerment, and job satisfaction on customer orientation of clinical nurses, to improve effective management and organizational performance of ...
PURPOSE : This descriptive study was attempted to identify the influence of internal marketing perception, empowerment, and job satisfaction on customer orientation of clinical nurses, to improve effective management and organizational performance of nursing human resources, and to provide basic materials for improving care service quality.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS : The subjects were 411 nurses who had over one year working experience in a university hospital in lncheon Metropolitan City. Data were collected from 2012 April 20, to April 30, using a self-report questionnaire, and analyzed in SPSS WIN 17.0 program by T-test, ANOVA, Duncan technique, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple Regression.
The results were as follows:
1. The average age of subjects was 28.8 years, and the average working experience was 6.6 years.
2. Nurses' internal marketing perception is on average 2.76 points out of 5,
and specific training on average 3.43 points, fairness on average 2.92 points, convenience on average 2.77 points, compensation system on average 2.21 points when compared to average scores in the lower domain respectively. In the internal marketing perception according to the general characteristics, 1-3 years nurses are higher than above 3 years nurses as for working experience(F=6.303, p<.001), and emergency nurses are significantly higher as for working department(F=2.874, p=.023).
3. Nurses' empowerment is on average 3.46±.34 points. In the empowerment according to the general characteristics, age (F=13.727, p<.001), education (F=5.016, p=.007), position (F=14.025, p<.001), working experience (F=13.992, p<.001), and working department (F=5.778, p<.001) were significantly different.
4. Nurses' job satisfaction is on average 2.77 points. In the job satisfaction according to the general characteristics, nurses in outpatient and emergency departments were significantly higher than ICU(intensive care unit) and special departments as for working department (F=3.060, p=.017).
5 Nurses' customer orientation was on average 3.74 points. In the customer orientation in accordance with the general characteristics, age (F= 11.521, p<.001), marriage (F=19,976, p<.001), education (F=7.466, p=.001), position (F=15.840, p<.001), working experience (F=11.973, p<.001), and working department (F=6.074, p<.001) were significantly different. It appeared that above 31 years old group than 21-30 age group, unmarried than married, those of graduate schools than 3․4 years colleges or universities, chief nurses ․ head nurses than general nurses, above 10 years working nurses than under 10 years working nurses as for working experience, and outpatient working nurses are significantly higher to customer orientation.
6. As the result of examining the relationship among nurses' internal marketing sub-factors such as empowerment, job satisfaction, and customer orientation, customer orientation and internal marketing factors (r=.162, p=.001) were statistically significant in positive correlation, and customer orientation and internal marketing of training (r=.239, p<.001), compensation (r=.119, p=.006), convenience (r=.123, p=.013) were in weak correlation. Customer orientation, empowerment (r=.525, p<.001), and job satisfaction (r=.229, p<.001) showed a significant positive correlation.
7. As the result of multiple regression analysis for identifying impact on nurses' customer orientation factors, it explained the outpatient department (β=.111) in working places, education training (β=.111) in internal marketing perception and empowerment (β=.441), and 31.3% customer orientation (Adj R2= .313).
CONCLUSION : Based on this study, the higher hospital nurses' internal marketing awareness, empowerment, and job satisfaction were, the more customer orientation increased. In addition, three kinds of variables that affect on customer orientation such as the working department (outpatient), internal marketing, training, and empowerment represent 31.3% variance, therefore it will be evidentiary data to support the internal marketing strategy in hospitals.
In conclusion, as the internal marketing in hospitals is the factor that increased nurses' customer orientation, recognizing nurses as internal customers, identifying their needs, researching continuously on factors affecting internal customer satisfaction, and establishing internal marketing strategy to improve job satisfaction should be performed.