성별과 직급에 따른 정서지능의 차이와 정서지능과 직무스트레스 및 스트레스 대처양식과의 관계 = Differences in both emotional intelligence and the relations of emotional intelligence to job stress and stress coping based on sex and job position

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was intended to examine whether emotional intelligence differs across sex and job position of employees. Also the relations of emotional intelligence to job stress and job stress coping were examined. Additionally it was examined if these relationships are different across sex and job position. Data were collected from 482 employees working on various service jobs. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the emotional intelligence total(EI-total) score between men and women employees. However, women had a significant higher score on the self-emotions appraisal factor and a significant lower score on the regulation of emotion factor. Second, mangers had significant higher scores on all the four factors and the EI total score than the non-manger group. The same trends were found for male employees as well as female employees. Third, emotional intelligence was significantly positively related to active coping, social support, and emotional expression but not significantly related to avoidance coping, supporting the hypothesis partially. This trend was not affected by differences in sex r and job position. Fourth, contrary to the expectation, emotional intelligence was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and job burnout. This trend was not affected by differences in sex and job position. Finally, implications, limitations, and future research were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 서비스업 종사자를 대상으로 성별과 직급에 따라 정서지능에서 차이가 있는지를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 또한 정서지능과 직무스트레스 및 스트레스 대처양식과의 관계를 분석하고 이러한 관계가 성별과 직급(관리자/비관리자)에 따라 다르게 나타나는지도 알아보고자 하였다. 성별과 직급을 고려한 482명의 서비스직 종사자로부터 자료를 얻었으며 상관분석, 이원변량분석, 위계적 회귀분석 등의 방법을 통해 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 정서지능 전체점수에서는 남녀간에 유의한 차이가 없었고 자기정서 인식에서는 여성이, 정서조절에서는 남성의 점수가 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 직급과 관련해서는 관리자가 정서지능 전체점수 및 네 요인점수에서 모두 비관리자에 비해 점수가 높았다. 성별과 직급을 동시에 고려해 비교할 때 성별에 상관없이 남성과 여성 모두에서 관리자의 점수가 더 높게 나타났다. 정서지능과 스트레스 대처양식과의 관계에서는 정서지능이 높을수록 적극적 대처, 사회적 지원 및 정서대처 행동을 많이 보이는 것으로 나타났으며 회피대처 행동과는 유의하게 관련되지 않았다. 이러한 추세는 일부 경우를 제외하고는 성별과 직급에 따라 크게 달라지지 않았다. 마지막으로 정서지능과 직무스트레스간의 관계에서는 과거 연구와는 달리 정서지능이 높을수록 오히려 불안과 심리적 소진이 높은 경향이 있었다. 이러한 경향은 일부 경우를 제외하고는 성별과 직급에 따라 크게 달라지지 않았다. 본 연구의 시사점, 제한점과 미래 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

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