Recently, population increase and advanced economy let us reconstruct old freeways. To consider a better freeway shape, we must dig tunnels through mountains. But while tunnel excavation, the possibility of collapse is inclined to be higher. So the ai...
Recently, population increase and advanced economy let us reconstruct old freeways. To consider a better freeway shape, we must dig tunnels through mountains. But while tunnel excavation, the possibility of collapse is inclined to be higher. So the aim of this paper is to analyze forms and causes of the collapse for different geological conditions and applied reinforcement solutions from typical collapse sites during constructions. As all investigators described the collapse sites on their own ways, all data forms and methods are so different that it was difficult for me to use and analyze the collapse causes.