도덕적 딜레마에서의 판단경향성이 인상형성에 미치는 영향 = The Impact of Moral Decision Style on Impression Formation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Morality plays an important role in impression formation by signaling a target's prosociality and resulting in a positive evaluation of the target. However, little is known about the effect of how moral principles that a target endorses on impression formation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether and how targets with different moral decision styles, namely utilitarian and deontologist, are perceived differently. In study 1, participants were asked to evaluate an utilitarian target and a deontological target on warmth-competence domain and big-five personality traits. Results showed that the deontological target scored higher in warmth than the utilitarian target, while the opposite was true in competence rating. In addition, participants reported that the deontological target was more likeable than the utilitarian target. In study 2, we replicated the findings of study 1 with between-subject design. Mediation analysis revealed that the favorable attitude toward a deontological target was mainly mediated by warmth rating. In study 3, we tested whether deontologists and utilitarians are favored in different decision domains. Participants were provided with behavioral vignettes depicting various daily problems in social or nonsocial domains and asked to indicate which target they would like to ask for advice. We found that deontologists and utilitarians were preferred in social and non-social problems, respectively. Our findings suggest that impression formation process can be influenced not only by how moral a target is but also by what specific moral principle a target follows when making moral decision.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

도덕성은 이타성의 잠재적인 지표로서 타인에 대한 긍정적 인상형성을 촉진하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 인상형성 대상이 지닌 도덕적 판단 경향성(moral decision style)이 인상형성과정에 미치는 영향에 대한 체계적인 접근은 아직 시도된 바 없다. 본 연구는 도덕적 딜레마 시나리오를 사용하여 공리주의적(utilitarian) 성향과 의무론적(deontological) 성향을 지닌 서로 다른 두 인물이 지각되는 방식에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는 공리주의자와 의무론자의 인상이 따뜻함 차원과 유능함 차원 및 성격5요인, 호감도의 측면에서 어떻게 다른지 알아보았다. 참가자들은 의무론자를 상대적으로 더 따뜻한 사람으로 지각하는 반면 공리주의자는 더 유능할 것이라고 평가하였으며, 의무론자가 공리주의자보다 더 선호되는 패턴이 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 피험자-간 설계를 적용하여 연구 1의 결과를 재확인하는 한편, 도덕적 판단경향성과 호감도의 관계에서 따뜻함이 지니는 매개효과를 검증하여, 두 변인에 대한 따뜻함의 완전매개효과를 확인하였다. 연구 3에서는 공리주의자와 의무론자가 서로 다른 의사결정 영역에서 차별적인 선호도를 지니는지 알아보기 위해 참가자로 하여금 사회적 갈등상황과 비사회적 갈등상황 하에서 조언을 받고 싶은 대상을 고르도록 하는 과제를 수행하게 하였다. 의무론자는 사회적 갈등상황에서, 공리주의자는 비사회적 갈등상황에서 조언을 구할 대상으로 각각 선호되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 대상이 지닌 도덕적 판단경향성에 의해 인상형성결과가 달라진다는 것을 보여주었으며, 이는 대인지각에서 도덕성에 대한 보다 입체적인 접근이 필요할 수 있음을 시사한다.

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