젠더가 연구 성과에 미치는 효과

국문 초록 (Abstract)

젠더와 연구 성과와의 관계는 과학자 사회에서 중요 이슈로 연구되고 있으나, 우리나라에서 이에 대한 실증적 연구는 거의 없는 편이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 연구자를 대상으로 SCI급과 KCI 논문 성과에서 젠더 효과를 연구자의 학문분야, 직급, 박사학위 취득국가 등의 조직적 요인 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, SCI급에서는 남성이 여성보다 성과가 높고 KCI에서는 여성이 남성보다 성과가 높으며, 특히, 공학과 자연과학분야에서 젠더 간의 성과 격차가 큼을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 교수급과 부교수급에 있는 교수가 전임강사급에 있는 연구자보다 남녀 성별에 의한 성과 격차가 좀 더 크다. 셋째, 연구자의 학위 취득국가에 따른 젠더 효과를 보면 북미권에서 학위를 받은 연구자가 남녀 간의 성과 격차가 가장 크게 나타나고 있다. 마지막으로 학문분야, 직급, 학위 취득국가를 종합했을 때 남녀 간의 젠더에 따른 격차에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것은 학문분야가 주도적이며, 직급이나 박사학위 취득국가는 비슷한 수준으로 미미한 영향을 미치고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the scientific community, the relationship between gender and research achievements is a topic of interest that has come to be known as the “productivity puzzle.” Existing studies have primarily dealt with this subject in terms of issues related to human capital such as marriage, childbirth, and childcare among female scientists. While in-depth studies have been conducted overseas, Korea still lacks objective research in this field. In this study, we performed an empirical analysis of Korean researchers, so as to determine the effects of gender in terms of organizational factors such as academic field, position, and country of doctoral degree acquisition.
The findings were as follows. First, men outperformed women when it came to Science Citation Information (SCI) achievements, but women fared better on KCI(Korea Citation Index) measures. Second, looking at the gender effects by academic field, men outperformed women in engineering and natural sciences, in which the two groups showed marked differences. As for medicine or social sciences, there was relatively less difference in research achievements by gender, and women tended to have equal or better performance compared to men. Third, looking at the gender effects by position, gender differences were more distinct among professors or assistant professors than among full-time instructors. Fourth, looking at the gender effects by country of doctoral degree acquisition, the country of doctoral degree acquisition was not a significant factor for men’s SCI achievements, but women who had acquired their doctoral degree from Korea outperformed those who had attained their degree abroad. Finally, the most significant factor affecting research publications was academic field, followed by country of doctoral degree acquisition, and position.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 문제제기
• Ⅱ. 선행연구
• Ⅲ. 연구의 내용 및 범위
• Ⅳ. 분석 결과
• V. 결론 및 함의
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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