기후변화를 고려한 도로 건설사업의 국내·외 환경영향평가 현황 및 사례 고찰 = A Review on Domestic and International Environmental Impact Assessment Status and Case Studies of Road Construction Projects Incorporating Climate Change

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since 2023, road construction projects have been included in climate change impact assessment (CCIA) in South Korea. However, evaluation methodologies that adequately reflect the characteristics of linear infrastructure remain insufficient. This study analyzes the current status of greenhouse gas (GHG) assessment in domestic environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports for road construction projects and identifies directions for improving CCIA through comparison with international cases. A total of 74 EIA reports (2011–2023) were reviewed, focusing on GHG emission estimation and mitigation measures. Case studies from the United States, Canada, and India were also examined. The results show that vehicle operation accounts for 90.33% of operational GHG emissions, while the average reduction rate is approximately 2.19%. About 86% of quantified reductions result from tree planting, while other mitigation measures are mostly qualitative; thus, the reduction rate reflects currently quantifiable measures ratherthan overall mitigation performance. International cases demonstrate the use of government-provided models for emission estimation and incorporation of key climate adaptation factors. These findings indicate the need for standardized quantitative assessment methods in CCIA for road projects in South Korea.