한국어 교육을 위한 유의 빈도부사의 사용역 및 의미운율 분석 연구 - ‘늘’, ‘언제나’, ‘항상’을 중심으로 - = A Study on Register Distribution and Semantic Prosody of Near-Synonymous Frequency Adverbs for Korean Language Education — Focusing on ‘neul’, ‘eonjena’, and ‘hangsang’ —

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the register distribution and semantic prosody of the near-synonymous Korean frequency adverbs neul, eonjena, and hangsang. To this end, a reference corpus consisting of 8,010,892 tokens was constructed by reorganizing the Sejong Corpus according to the registers of spoken vs. written language and formal vs. informal style. Register distribution was analyzed using G² statistics, and semantic prosody was examined through generative AI–based analysis.
The results of the register analysis revealed that neul and eonjena occur more frequently in written registers, whereas hangsang is used more frequently in spoken registers. In addition, neul and eonjena were found to be used more often in informal written registers, while hangsang showed a higher frequency in informal spoken registers. The semantic prosody analysis indicated that neul exhibits a bi-semantic prosody of negative–neutral in both formal and informal spoken registers, whereas hangsang consistently shows a neutral semantic prosody across spoken registers. In contrast, eonjena displays a neutral semantic prosody in formal spoken registers but a negative semantic prosody in informal spoken registers.
In formal written registers, neul and eonjena were found to exhibit tri-semantic prosody, while hangsang showed a bi-semantic prosody of negative–neutral. In informal written registers, eonjena and hangsang exhibited tri-semantic prosody, whereas neul displayed a bi-semantic prosody of negative–neutral. These findings demonstrate that information on register and semantic prosody can serve as effective criteria for distinguishing near-synonymous adverbs. The detailed analytical results presented in this study may serve as foundational data for teaching and learning near-synonymous Korean frequency adverbs.