Mechanochemical synthesis has emerged as a sustainable and effective strategy for producing heterogeneous catalysts with improved compositional precision, structural homogeneity, and catalytic performance. This dissertation investigates mechanochemica...
Mechanochemical synthesis has emerged as a sustainable and effective strategy for producing heterogeneous catalysts with improved compositional precision, structural homogeneity, and catalytic performance. This dissertation investigates mechanochemical routes for designing two industrially relevant catalytic systems: multicomponent Bi–Fe–Co–Mo mixed oxides for propylene ammoxidation and Ru/Al2O3 catalysts for ammonia decomposition. By systematically examining precursor chemistry, milling parameters, and solid–solid reaction pathways, this work elucidates how mechanical energy governs active-phase formation and catalytic functionality.
In the first part, multicomponent molybdate catalysts were synthesized via a solvent-free one-pot ball-milling approach and applied to the selective oxidation of propylene to acrylonitrile (AN). Mechanochemical synthesis enabled precise stoichiometric control and promoted nanoscale intermixing between Bi2Mo3O12 and Fe–Co–Mo oxide phases. Structural analyses revealed preferential formation of the Bi3FeMo2O12 phase and an increased Fe3+ fraction, which enhanced lattice oxygen mobility and phase cooperation under the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism. As a result, the mechanochemically synthesized catalysts exhibited superior phase uniformity, improved redox properties, and significantly enhanced AN selectivity compared with catalysts prepared by conventional wet-chemical methods.
The second part focuses on Ru/Al2O3 catalysts for carbon-free hydrogen production via ammonia decomposition. Ru-based catalysts were synthesized using a solvent-free mechanochemical ball-milling method, and the effects of Ru precursor chemistry and milling parameters were systematically investigated. Among four Ru precursors examined—RuCl3·xH2O, Ru(NO)(NO3)3, Ru(acac)3, and Ru3(CO)12—the catalyst derived from Ru3(CO)12 exhibited the highest activity, achieving over 95% NH3 conversion with excellent thermal stability at a weight hourly space velocity of 30,000 mL·gcat-1·h-1. Optimization of milling conditions identified 20 Hz for 10 min as the optimal balance between Ru dispersion and metal–support interaction. XRD, XPS, and CO chemisorption analyses confirmed that the enhanced performance originated from highly dispersed metallic Ru species with improved reducibility.
Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that mechanochemical synthesis is a broadly applicable and environmentally benign platform for catalyst design, applicable to both complex oxide and noble-metal-supported systems. The structure–activity relationships and precursor-dependent mechanochemical reactivity identified in this work provide fundamental guidelines for developing efficient catalysts for industrial oxidation processes and carbon-free hydrogen energy applications.