기술개발전략모형 : 한국전자산업을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 우리나라 경제는 전반적으로 단순한 景氣沈滯次元을 넘어서 상당한 구조적인 어려움에 봉착하고 있는 것이 현실이며, 國內經濟의 견인차 역할을 해왔던 수출이 不振해지면서 貿易赤字를 보이는 등 經濟成長의 潛在力이 떨어져 가고 있는 실정이다.
그 원인을 살펴 보면 급속한 賃金上昇에 따른 價格競爭力의 弱化 등 여러 要因이 있겠으나 근원적으로는 선진국에 비해 技術水準이 뒤떨어지고 이에 따른 技術 및 品質競爭力의 弱化로 지금과 같은 상황을 맞게 되었다고 본다. 특히 價格競爭力이 급격히 약화되어감에 따라 이를 보완하여 줄 技術競爭力確保가 시급하며, 技術開發을 통한 國際競爭力確保는 최근 우리 경제가 겪고 있는 구조적인 어려움을 극복하는 데 있어서 중요한 과제의 하나로 인식되고 있다.
그러나 우리나라는 지금까지 技術開發은 등한시 한 채 勞動力을 바탕으로 한 제품의 생산 및 수출에 치중, 성장을 해왔으며, 그 결과로 基本設計, 엔지니어링, 소프트웨어 등 核心技術 및 基礎科學部門 그리고 대부분의 尖端技術은 선진국에 비해 크게 낙후되어 있는 상태이다.
이러한 상황하에서 우리나라 기업들이 成長하고 發展하기 위해서는 戰略的 次元에서 技術開發活動을 할 수 있는 韓國的 技術開發戰略模型의 構築이 시급하다고 하겠다.
따라서 本 硏究에서는 기술개발이 근본적으로 기업의 戰略活動과 相互關聯性이 있음에 유의하여, 우리나라 電子産業에 있어서 기술개발에 관계있는 가능한 한 많은 要因들에 대하여 Hiloglinear技法에 의해 중요한 영향요인을 分析·檢討하고 이들을 중심으로 技術開發戰略模型을 導出하였다.
實證的 分析結果를 통해 導出된 技術開發戰略의 統合的 狀況模型은 다음과 같다.
In mijk... r = μ + (X_(19))_i + (X_(33))_j + (X_(48))_k + (X_(67))_l + (X_(77))_m + (X_(100))_n + (X_(106))_o + (X_(117))_p + (X_(123))_q + (X_(139))_r + (X_(19)·X_(33))_(ij) + (X_(33)·X(48))_(jk) + (X_(67)·X_(77))_(lm) + (X_(100)·X_(106))_(no) + (X_(106)·X_(117))_(op) + (X_(19)·X_(123))_(iq) + (X_(77)·X_(123))_(mq) + (X_(100)·X_(123))_(nq) + (X_(67)·X_(139))_(lr) + (X_(123)·X_(139)(qr)
위 模型은 기술개발정책, 消費者慾求의 변화, 技術情報, 組織構造, 施設과 設備, 戰略的 經營시스템, 기술개발을 위한 투자액의 정도, 기술개발에 대한 경영자의 열의 및 관심정도, 高級技術人力의 확보 및 활용정도, 核心部品의 開發能力程度가 기술개발에 각각 개별적으로 영향을 미치고 있으며, 또 以上의 변수들이 交互作用을 하면서 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 의미한다.
따라서 統合的 狀況模型에 포함된 변수들은 韓國電子産業의 技術開發戰略을 수행하는 데 있어서 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있으며, 기업들이 이 變數들에 어느 정도로 대응하느냐에 의해 技術開發의 成敗가 좌우되므로 이에 적절히 대응하기 위해서는 企業自體의 노력만으로는 부족하며, 政府와 産業體 그리고 學界가 渾然一體가 되어 기술개발에 全力投球해야 할 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently Korean economy is confronted with considerable structural problems, not simply the overall economic stagnation. Export, which has been an incentive for our economic development, is getting depressed. There has been a trade deficit, a premonition of the lessening potentiality of economic growth.
There may be several causes, such as the weakening price competitiveness resulting from the drastic rising of wage, which is due to labor-management disputes. But fundamentally the technological level of Korea is falling behind that of a developed country. The weakening competitiveness of technology and quality has forced us to face the difficulties as they are. We urgently need the technological competitiveness which will compensate for the drastic weakening of price competitiveness. The best method to overcome the trade depression is to develop technology for reinforcing international competitiveness.
The present world economy tends to be headed for a new phase, which emphasizes technology, information and knowledge, not factors of production, such as labor force, capital, etc. Accordingly the technological level is a standard for judging in which level is the economy of a country.
While neglecting technological development, Korea has made much of the production and export of goods based on plenty of labor force. As a result, in the vital techniques, the elemental sciences, and most of the advanced technology, for example, basic design, engineering, software, etc. Korea is falling far behind developed countries.
Under the circumstances, so that Korean enterprises may grow and develop, they should establish their own technological development strategy models which will result in advanced technology.
In this study, paying attention to the fact that technological development is fundamentally related to the strategic activity of an enterprise, and considering all the factors imaginable that may affect technological development, I came up with technological development strategy models available in the present industrial situation.
For the purpose of this study, I designed research models, established variables and hypotheses, collected data from the answers to the questions about Korean electronic industry, verified the hypotheses, and produced the models. (I used SPSS/PC+ Subprogram Reliability and SPSS/PC+ Procedure Hiloglinear as a means of analysis.)
The technological development strategy models derived from empirical analysis are as follows.
In mijk... r = μ + (X_(19))_i + (X_(33))_j + (X_(48))_k + (X_(67))_l + (X_(77))_m + (X_(100))_n + (X_(106))_o + (X_(117))_p + (X_(123))_q + (X_(139))_r + (X_(19)·X_(33))_(ij) + (X_(33)·X(48))_(jk) + (X_(67)·X_(77))_(lm) + (X_(100)·X_(106))_(no) + (X_(106)·X_(117))_(op) + (X_(19)·X(123))_(ip) + (X_(77)·X_(123))_(mq) + (X_(100)·X_(123))_(nq) + (X_(67)·X_(139))_(lr) + (X_(123)·X_(139)(qr)
The above models suggest that each of the factors affects technological development independently ; technological development policy, change of consumers' desire, technological information, structure of organization, facilities and appliances, strategic management system, degree of investment for technological development, degree of zeal and interest of technological development, degree of security and utilization of advanced technological man-power, and degree of ability to develop vital parts. And they suggest that the factors of each are interacting with each other and affecting technological development.
Thus the variables visible in the integrated contingency models play a vital role in the technological development activity of Korean electronic industry. Whether technological development will be successful or not depends on how enterprises deal with these variables. In order to deal with them properly, the government, the industry, and the academy should cooperate with each other and make intensive efforts to develop technology.
In this study, I have considered as many factors as possible in order to derive the technological development strategy models in the Korean industrial situation. The limits of this study and further direction of research are as follows.
First, since the sampling is just from Korean electronic industry, it will be unreasonable to apply the models to all the Korean enterprises.
Second, after actually applying them to some industries and finding out problems, we should derive more optimal models.
Third, though the influential factors of technological development have been considered in this study, we should make allowances for not only encouraging factors but also discouraging ones, and make more comprehensive analyses.
If we overcome the limits and pursue additional studies, it will contribute greatly to the establishment of technological development strategy for Korean enterprises.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 抄錄 = iii
• 第1章 序論 = 1
• 第1節 硏究의 目的 = 1
• 第2節 硏究方法과 構成 = 3
• 1. 硏究의 方法 = 3
• 2. 硏究의 構成 = 3
• 第2章 技術開發과 戰略 = 5
• 第1節 技術開發에 관한 一般理論 = 5
• 1. 硏究開發 = 5
• 2. 技術革新 = 7
• 3. 技術移轉 = 11
• 第2節 企業環境과 戰略開發 = 15
• 1. 企業環境 = 15
• 2. 環境과 戰略 = 17
• 3. 戰略開發 = 18
• 第3節 技術開發의 戰略的 對應 = 25
• 1. 技術開發의 影響要因 = 25
• 2. 技術開發戰略의 旣存硏究 = 28
• 3. 技術開發의 動態的 模型 = 32
• 第3章 韓國電子産業의 現況과 展望 = 35
• 第1節 韓國電子産業의 現況 = 35
• 1. 産業의 特徵 = 35
• 2. 産業의 技術水準 = 36
• 3. 技術開發 動向 = 37
• 第2節 韓國電子産業의 環境 = 40
• 1. 市場環境 = 40
• 2. 競爭環境 = 40
• 3. 技術環境 = 41
• 第3節 韓國電子産業의 技術變化展望과 戰略的 課題 = 41
• 1. 技術關聯指標의 變化 = 41
• 2. 製品 및 시스템技術의 變化 = 44
• 3. 戰略的 課題 = 44
• 第4章 硏究模型設計와 變數 및 假說의 設定 = 46
• 第1節 硏究模型의 設計 = 46
• 第2節 變數의 設定 = 48
• 第3節 假說의 設定 = 51
• 第5章 調査設計 및 技術開發戰略模型의 導出 = 54
• 第1節 調査의 設計 = 54
• 第2節 假說檢證 및 部分模型의 導出 = 66
• 第3節 統合的 狀況模型의 導出 = 91
• 第6章 結論 = 96
• 參考文獻 = 99
• ABSTRACT = 110
• 附錄 : 1. 設問紙 = 113
• 2. 因子分析 = 118