분권과 주민참여를 통한 상향식 지역계획 사례 연구 인도 케랄라 주 ‘주민계획’의 특징과 시사점 = Bottom-up planning process for local development through decentralization and participation: Implications of ‘People’s plan’ in Kerala, India

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Indian state of Kerala has been successfully carrying out decentralization and empowering people and local communities, especially through the 'People's Plan' since 1990s. People’s plan of Kerala started the devolution of control of decisions and budgets for local development from a centralized bureaucracy to local communities and ordinary people. Through People’s plan,local people could participate in planning process, and determine and implement their development projects by themselves with their own priorities.
This paper aims to comprehend overall evolving process of the People’s plan in Kerala from the campaign phase to the institutional phase since 1990s, and to analyse the characteristics and implications of Kerala's unique experiments in the world.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

중앙정부가 주도하는 하향식 지역발전 대신 지방정부와 주민이 주도하는 상향식 지역발전에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 1970년대 낮은 경제 수준에도 불구하고 높은 사회 발전을 이룩하여 전 세계에 새로운 발전 모델을 선보인 바 있는 인도의 케랄라 주(州)는 1990년대 말부터 주 정부가 가졌던 권한을 하위 지방자치단체 및 지역 주민에게 획기적으로 이양하는 급진적 지방분권과 아울러 지역발전을 위한 계획과정에 주민들의 직접 참여를 확대하는 “주민계획(People’s Plan)”을시행해왔다. 철저하게 상향식 방식으로 진행된 케랄라 주 주민계획을 통하여 주민참여와 주민권능부여가 크게 확대되었다. 이 논문에서는 케랄라 주에서 시행하고 있는 상향식 계획과정인 “주민계획”의 추진 배경과 추진 과정, 그 의의와 시사점에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

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