언어학적 지문과 피의자 자술서의 저자식별 = Linguistic Fingerprints and Authorship Identification in Confession Statements

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대 언어학은 인간언어의 보편문법적 특성을 주된 연구대상으로 하고 있지만 언어 사용자가 생성하는 언어적 표현에 따라 그 개인 또는 집단만이 가지는 고유한 언어적 특이성(idiosyncrasies)에 대한 연구도 중요하다. 이와 관련하여 사법절차나 영역에서 언어학적 지식을 적용하고자 하는 응용언어학의 한 분야가 포렌직 언어학이다. 그 중에서 피의자의 자술서와 같은 저자식별이 필요한 분야에서 포렌직 언어학이 중요한 역할을 하고 있다.
본 연구에서는 포렌직 언어학의 역사와 연구영역 등을 간단히 소개하고 저자식별과 관련하여 대표적인 외국의 사례들을 살펴보았다. 나아가 최근에 무죄판결이 난 삼례나라슈퍼 3인조 강도치사 사건의 피의자 자술서에 대한 언어학적 분석을 통해 ‘주어 + 시간부사’라는 경찰 사용역에 해당하는 공통적인 언어학적 특성을 확인하였다.
다양한 사회변화와 함께 타학문 분야와의 융합 연구의 필요성이 강조되고 있는 현실에서 포렌직 언어학에 대한 관심이 세계적으로 확대되고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 한국의 경우에는 포렌직 언어학에 대한 체계적 연구의 필요성이 매우 절실하다고 할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Forensic linguistics involves identifying whether a certain individual did or did not write a given text by comparing the style of the text with the idiolect of the individual. This paper examines some cases of authorship identification, and focuses on idiolects or registers which are called ‘linguistic fingerprints.’
This paper reviews the Unabomber case in which Ted Kaczynski was convicted of a series of bombings in 1998 and J.K. Rowling’s The Cuckoo's Calling case, written by J.K. Rowling under the pen name Robert Galbraith. In the Derek Bentley case, the use of ‘then’ after the grammatical subject was not consistent with Bentley’s idiolect, and the post-subject position of temporal adverbials turned out to be a type of police register. The Evans case also demonstrated that a set of four linked statements purportedly dictated to police officers by Timothy Evans had a grammatical style that was measurably different from that of Evans’.
This paper also examines the Samlye Nara Supermarket Murder case in Korea in which the confession statement was dictated to police officers by the mentally retarded person. The case showed that as in the Derek Bentley case and the Evans case, a pattern emerged in which the temporal adverbials were positioned after the grammatical subject, signifying a type of police register.
This paper suggests that forensic linguistics should work more closely with other disciplines and work on improving the understanding of the justice system and acquiring knowledge and skills in forensic linguistics and other related disciplines. This paper also suggests that further studies, as well as interest and effort in forensic linguistics, are needed in Korea.

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