Recently, As buildings tend to become bigger, higher and complex, it has also become difficult to cope with fire outbreaks. More specifically, it is more difficult to quickly respond to fire, for example, emergency exiting, for the buildings accommoda...
Recently, As buildings tend to become bigger, higher and complex, it has also become difficult to cope with fire outbreaks. More specifically, it is more difficult to quickly respond to fire, for example, emergency exiting, for the buildings accommodating unspecified individuals and consequently, a major loss in properties and casualties may be anticipated. Many countries of the world have reinforced regulations on safety design preparing comprehensive, scientific and functional requirements from the very beginning stage of planning and designing buildings through diverse experiments and analysis.
However, In domestic case, egress safety regulations stay at the application level of prescriptive egress design based on technical standard regulated in a law and the judgment through experience, and are using egress regulations per the unit area by the law application of prescriptive standard through the size of building.
To introduce egress safety regulations regulated abroad as it is tends to be difficult since emotion, a sense for structure, use are different by nations. Therefore, we think we need to understand foreign fire safety regulations, the composition system and property for occupant density in a room fit for domestic situation and direction establishment for the improvement of regulations related to egress.
Therefore, this paper intends to draw the present status and problems of domestic egress regulations through comparing and analyzing foreign egress regulations and provide basic material related to preparing the improvement scheme of egress regulations appropriate for domestic situation.
This paper is composed of total 6 chapters, the contents of each chapter is as follows.
In chapter 1 described research background, purpose, research method, and the extent.
In chapter 2 investigated the basic concept, approach way, principle of egress plan, and grasped the domestic and foreign present status and trend for the introduction of a performance-based egress design based on egress plan. And for occupant density in a room which is not yet applied in domestic egress regulations, we looked into the definition of the density and general items referring to foreign regulations.
In chapter 3, before comparing detail regulations by nations, we looked into the present status of domestic and foreign egress regulations and examined the properties by nations generally.
In chapter 4, we, through looking into occupant density in a room by nations and comparing and analyzing detail regulations(the number, layout, and width) about egress paths considering the density, by understanding and grasping foreign detail regulations, examined the difference from domestic egress regulations.
In chapter 5, we drew the actual condition and problems of domestic egress regulations through comparing and analyzing egress regulations by nations, and suggested the consequential ways of improvement.
In chapter 6, we as a result of comparing egress regulations by nations about egress safety and analyzing domestic and foreign egress regulations, drew conclusions as follows.
(1) Foreign countries are applying egress regulations appropriate for each structure by calculating occupant density in a room and egress capacity scientifically and technically through systematic use classification based on people in a room, on the contrary domestic regulations is simply uniform figure to area and floor, therefore is difficult to apply effective fire safety standard, and has a limit when applied to large sized and complex structure.
(2) In domestic present regulations, two way escape and the number of egress paths must observe the installation regulations of direct stairs and emergency exit door. So, new regulations establishment for the installation of egress paths considering the number of persons to be admitted, use, etc. like foreign cases is need to secure enough egress paths with two way escape.
(3) We think regulations for maximum walking distance will be needed in case into greater detail, principal structural parts of structure is not fire resistant construction or non-combustible materials, through reorganizing the use classification system of binary building regulations and fire defense regulation.
(4) To calculate egress capacity rationally and to minimize loss of life by fire, the density of persons in a room and the size of unit width for persons in a room to have are important like foreign cases when regulating the width of egress paths. Therefore, the density value of persons in a room and the standard by uses appropriate for domestic situation must be prepared.
(5) To set the standard of density of persons in a room, preparing common standard for survey method for the fact finding survey of density of persons in a room and interpretation method for survey result is demanded. When various databases are constructed for the density of persons in a room through this, we can prepare the standard of the density of persons in a room reflecting properties by nations based on this. And so, we think that to do egress performance design, various databases for the density of persons in a room have to be constructed as soon as possible.
Therefore, we need to reorganize use classification system based on persons in a room to raise the safety of persons in a room and to minimize loss of life in case of fire in large sized, high-rise, and complex, etc various buildings. We need to establish the density of persons in a room appropriate for domestic status by uses by constructing various databases related to the density of persons in a room through continuous survey and research based on this. And by preparing performance-based egress regulations we have to introduce and apply performance-based concept and standard to existing prescriptive standard to run abreast.