키르기스스탄의 레몬혁명과 동서 패권주의 가능성 연구 = A study on Lemon Revolution in Kyrgyzstan and a Possibility of East-West Hegemony

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Reasons which Rose Revolution, Orange Revolution, and Lemon Revolution had been much argued in international society are as follows: Firstly, the important fact was that authoritarian governments in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan were collapsed not by physical violences and military forces, but by unblooded civil movements, so called Civil Revolution. And it is also called as Colorful Revolution. Secondly, during the advance of three Civil Revolution, hegemony conflicts between Russia and western powers including US appeared. In fact, tensions between the two countries, Russia and US had already occurred in Post-soviet region after dissolution of Soviet Union. Thirdly, as a result of three Civil Revolution, there were built up fullest attentions in international societies about the possibilities of other civil revolutions, that is to say, ‘Colorful Revolution’ among the countries which were the republics of former USSR.
In this respect, in this investigation of Lemon Revolution in Kyrgyzstan as like Rose Revolution in Georgia and Orange Revolution in Ukraine, this article examined the roles and supports toward NGOs of Western powers including US.
To my opinion, it is likely that NGOs, with powerful sponsors, become political bodies working through networks and media rather than being rooted in civil society and acting on behalf of citizens. And that powerful sponsors, directly or indirectly financed by outside governments, become involved in political activities. So NGOs have been important roles in promoting civil revolution as political agencies and more political instruments of foreign governments.
In the long run, through the Colorful Revolution, it is better to understand that hegemony struggle is beginning between external concerned superpowers including US and Russia, rather than hegemony struggle having directly broke out.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

기존의 장미혁명과 오렌지혁명에서도 나타났듯이, 레몬혁명에서 발생한 미국 및 서방세력의 지역패권 장악 의도는 시민혁명의 선거과정에 직접적으로 개입하거나, 혹은 선거활동을 하는 NGO 단체들을 재정적, 도덕적, 이념적 차원에서 직간접적으로 지원하여 자국에게 유리한 정권을 창출하고자 하는 형태로 나타났다. 비록 NGO 단체들에 의해 지원받은 시민단체들이 순수한 차원에서 시민운동을 조직하였다고도 볼 수 있으나, NGO 단체 역시 정부의 지원을 받아 운영되는 경우가 대부분이기 때문에 정치색이 배제된 순수한 민간단체라고 보기는 어렵다. 따라서 특정한 목적을 가지고 접근하였을 때, 시민단체가 가지는 본연의 목적을 유지하기가 힘들어진다. 장미혁명이나 오렌지혁명, 레몬혁명에서 활동하였던 시민단체들은 모두 서방의 지원을 받는 NGO 단체들이었다.
색깔혁명에서 미국을 비롯한 서방세력과 러시아의 헤게모니 쟁탈전이 직접적으로 발생했다기보다는 색깔혁명을 통해 주변 강대국들의 패권경쟁이 가시화되었다고 보는 것이 더욱 타당할 것이다. 미국이 주도하는 세계질서가 강화되어 포스트 소비에트 공간에서 러시아의 국가이익이 침해받거나, 과거 앞마당이었던 이 지역에서 러시아의 입지가 약화될 경우, 지역패권을 둘러싼 미국 및 서방세력과 러시아의 갈등은 지속될 것이며, 러시아는 서방세계를 견제할 수 있는 SCO, CSTO, EurAsEC과 같은 역내 다자간 협력기구를 통해 중국, 인도 등 주변의 강대국들과 전략적 협력을 추진할 것이다.

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