자망, 통발, 트롤, 안강망, 정치망 어업에 대한 해양포유류 혼획 저감 연구 조사 = Investigation on bycatch reduction methods of marine mammals for fishing with gill net, trap, trawl, stow net and set net

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미국이 발표한 해양포유류 보호법으로 우리나라 어업이 동등성 평가를 득하지 못하면 수산물 및 수산 가공품의 대미 수출이 전면 금지될 것이다. 우리나라 어업중 특히 5개 어업(끌어구류, 안강망, 자망, 정치망, 통발)에 해양포유류가 빈번하게 혼획되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 5개 어업에 대한 국내외 해양포유류의 혼획 저감 기술 및 방법을 조사하였다. 그 중 우리나라에서 적용 가능한 저감 방법으로는 자망과 통발에서는 투망 시간 감소와 혼획 후 방류, 시각적 방해 장치가 있고, 자망에서는 핑거, 통발에서는 로프 매듭 개수 줄이기와 로프 재료의 유연성 저감이 있다. 안강망에서는 국립수산과학원에서 개발한 상괭이 탈출 장치가 있고, 정치망에서는 원통그물 위쪽 탈출 장치, 칸막이 그물, 혼획된 해양포유류를 선상 및 수상에서 방류하는 방법이 있다. 하지만, 혼획 저감 방법(장치)로 인하여 어획량 감소가 우려되는 실정이다. 따라서, 해양포유류 혼획 저감을 적용하기 위하여 어업인 홍보 및 교육이 필요하며 정부로 부터 예산 지원이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The United States enforces the seafood import regulations so-called the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), and by 2023, all exports of aquatic products and processed fish products by fisheries which have not obtained an “Comparability Finding” from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will be completely banned. Therefore, to respond to the US MMPA, it is critical to identify technologies and methods used in worldwide for reducing bycatch of marine mammals.
In particular, marine mammals are frequently caught in five fisheries (trawl, gill net, trap, stow net and set net) in Korea, which is facing a great challenge. This study presented bycatch reduction methods by five fisheries, classified the methods by country, and suggested appropriate reduction methods which can be applied in Korea.

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