명말(明末) 절강지역(浙江地域)의(意) 밀무역(密貿易)과 연해사회(沿海社會) = Illicit seaborne trade and the Coastal Society of Zhejiang in Late Ming

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Due to state control power, Illicit seaborne trade activities began in Zhejiang coastal area and these activities with Japan made huge profit. The smuggling activities became especially dynamic when China-Japan trade route became a major trade one. This happened with globalization process when competition between European powers such as Portugal and Holland was intense. Zhejiang coastal area, which is geographically in an advantageous location for trade with Japan, was the nodal point where smuggling requirements are met, thus a smuggling network was established here. The People who participated in smuggling activities were handicraftsmen such as coastal people who were engaged in the salt and fishing, rich people in commerce, boat dwellers who travelled to every corner of the inland rivers, boat carpenters who built boats, and silver craftsmen who dealt in silver etc. They participated by building ships for smuggling or buying and transporting goods to make profit, and some even directly participated in overseas smuggling activities. So did Powerful families of the coastal area. They also indirectly participated in the same activities by providing capital, sending servants, or handing over goods to the smugglers. And finally, they had a close relationship with government soldiers and guards. They offered bribes to them for smuggling with governmental permissions and inspections in case of passing checkpoints such as gateways or ferries. A Large number of them had some family fortune and they sometimes showed their ``speculative`` nature by selling all family fortune to engage in smuggling. As it made huge profits, many people in the Zhejiang coast lived off by engaging in transporting and hiding goods, remodeling and transporting the ship, and distributing and circulating silver. Their network was dotted around, but connected across southeast coastal cities, islands and coastal area, through protecting each other while trading. Despite some regulations, the smuggling network was made th create richness in the coastal society of Zhejiang at the end of the Ming Dynasty. This society included gentry, rich people, handicraftsmen, boat people, boat builders, gang bosses, merchants, government officials and guards.