日本近代大陆政策的演变 : 以北洋时期日本对华外交为中心的分析 = The Evolution of Modern Japanese Mainland Policy : Analysis centering on Japan’s diplomacy toward China during the time of Peking Government of China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

经过明治维新变法图强，日本成功避免了沦为西方殖民地或半殖民地的命运，成为唯一摆脱西方殖民地地位并成功实现工业化的亚洲国家，确立了亚洲霸主的地位。日本作为后起的军事封建性帝国主义国家，在对中国的侵略上紧随西方列强之后且后来居上。
日本大陆政策形成的历史条件，则源于明治维新前后己奠定的经济、政治、军事，尤其是思想基础。综观近代以来的以中国东北为中心目标的日本大陆政策，历经长期的发展演变，虽政权更迭换代，而大陆政策始终为日本累世经营的国家目标，有其一贯性的历史传统。北洋时期，由于中国政潮党争不断，革命运动相继，日本根据远东国际形势变化，屡次更改对华外交方针，分别在一战时大隈内阁时提出对华二十一条、战后寺内内阁时实施援助北洋军阀亲日派的“西原借款”、华盛顿会议后奉行以“国际协调”为名的币原外交。这些外交方式虽然看上去变化很大，但是其实质都是以不同的手法来巩固甚至扩大日本侵略中国的不平等条约权利。
如果日本能够继续协调与欧美列强的利益冲突，则建立一个自主的帝国主义经济圈不可谓为不可能。但日本军部在屡次侵略冒险成功的刺激下终于走向与欧美列强冲突的地步，最终也导致了日本军国主义走向毁灭。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan had managed to avoid the destiny of sinking into the Western Powers’ colony or semi-colony. Through invading or occupanting its neighbouring country — such as China and Korea step by step, Japan become the only Asian country which realized industrialization successfully and established hegemony status in the Far East.
The Treaty of Shimonoseki signed after Japan's victory over Chinese Qing Dynasty in the year 1895 established the foundation of modern Sino-Japanese relations. Japan seized massive reparations and territories such as Korea and Taiwan province from China.
Chinese people overthrowed the feudal autocracy of Qing Dynasty and builded the first bourgeois republic of Asia in 1912. Japan had entered Taisho period which famous by the era of Democracy. Relationship between the two countries had opened a new chapter after the regime changing respectively.
China (Qing Dynasty) had become the major target for which the western powers contending in the Far East from the Opium War. As a following military feudal imperialist country, Japan had invaded China behind the western powers but took the leader of them within short time. The theory for aggressing china from folk thinkers, and the practical action of aggressing China during the Meiji, Taisho and Showa period, namely the mainland policy that noticed by the world for a long time.
The historical conditions for the formation of Japanese mainland policy were based on the economic, political and military, especially the ideological basis from the Meiji Restoration. Throughout since modern times, The Japanese mainland policy which took the Northeast China as the center target, had experienced long-term development evolution and had itself consistent historical tradition.
According to the changing of the Far-Eastern international situation and the Chinese political disputes, Japan had changed its diplomacy toward China several times. Briefly, they were the Twenty-one Demands of Ookuma Cabinet during the world war I, the Nishihara Loan offered by the Terauchi Cabinet to the pro-Japanese northern warlords of China after the world war I, the Shidehara Diplomacy named by "international coordination" after the Washington Conference. These diplomatic way though looks changed greatly, but its essence is to consolidate even expand the unequal treaty rights that Japanese seized from China by force in different ways.
Overall, The Japanese mainland policy which took China as the center target, was following advanced western imperialism to obtain rights and interests from Northeast China firstly, and then to establish imperialist self-sufficiency economic and takeover Chinese territory. If Japan continues to coordinate the conflicts of interest with Eur-american powers, to establish an independent imperialism economic circle was not impossible. But Japanese military headquarter which stimulated by successful aggression adventures walked on the way to conflict with Eur-american powers finally, and led the Japanese militarism to destruction eventually.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 大陆政策：对华侵略的理论与实践
• 2. 日本对华外交：强力干涉政策
• 3. 从巴黎和会到华盛顿会议
• 4. 日本对华政策从强力干涉到 “不干涉”之转变