Physical and biological bases of life stability : man, biota, environment

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1. Ecological Stability = 1
• 1.1 Introduction = 1
• 1.2 Biological Regulation of the Environment = 2
• 1.3 Means of Biological Regulation of the Environment = 3
• 1.4 The Action of the Le Chatelier Principle in the Biospher = 5
• 1.5 Violations of the Le Chatelier Principle in the Contemporary Biosphere = 7
• 1.6 Biosphere as a "Free Market" = 10
• 1.7 Biospheric Communities = 12
• 1.8 Evolution Rates = 15
• 1.9 Progress = 17
• 1.10 Conservation of the Biosphere = 19
• 1.11 A Transition to the Noosphere? = 23
• 2. Solar Eenrgy and Ordered Processes in Inanimate Nature = 25
• 2.1 Decay of Ordered States = 25
• 2.2 Solar Energy = 28
• 2.3 The Physical States of Dynamic Equilibrium = 31
• 2.4 The Stability of Physical States = 33
• 2.5 Physical Self-Organization = 36
• 2.6 The Measurable Variables : Dimensions and Mutual Correlations = 38
• 2.7 Thermal Stability of Climate = 45
• 2.8 Correlation Destances and Information = 53
• 3. Stability of Life Organization = 63
• 3.1 Biological Stability = 63
• 3.2 Differences Between Biological and Physical Stability = 67
• 3.3 The Quantum Nature of Life = 71
• 3.4 The Nature of Genome Decay = 73
• 3.5 Population : a Stationary State = 77
• 3.6 Normal Genotypes and the Normal Genome = 83
• 3.7 Neutral Mutations = 87
• 3.8 Normal, Decay, and Adaptive Polymorphism in a Polulation = 90
• 3.9 Stability of the Biological Species = 94
• 3.10 Genetic Recombinations = 101
• 3.11 Sexual Dimorphism and Regulation of Birth Rate of Decay Individuals = 106
• 3.12 Diploid and Polyploid Genomes = 110
• 3.13 Heterozygosity = 114
• 3.14 Stability of the Diploid Genome = 119
• 3.15 The Evolution of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes = 126
• 3.16 Evolution of Species = 131
• 3.17 The Rate of Evolution = 135
• 3.18 Is There Extraterrestrial Life in the Universe? = 138
• 3.19 Biological Stability and Neo-Drawinism = 141
• 4. Stability of the Biosphere's Organization = 144
• 4.1 Limitations to Expansion and Evolution of Species = 144
• 4.2 Closed Matter Cycles in the Biosphere = 146
• 4.3 Biological Cycles = 156
• 4.4 The Le Chatelier Principle in Natural Biota = 154
• 4.5 Biospheric Communities = 158
• 4.6 Biological Regulation of Matter Cycles = 166
• 4.7 Biological Stability and Limiting Nutrients = 170
• 4.8 Productivity and Immigration in the Community = 174
• 4.9 The Biological Pump of Atmospheric Carbon = 178
• 4.10 Atmospheric Concentration of Co_2 and New Production by the Ocean = 185
• 4.11 Changing Production of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Ocean = 190
• 4.12 Changes in the Global Cycle of Carbon = 194
• 4.13 The Water Cycle = 204
• 4.14 Competitively Interacting Communities and the Gaia Hypotheses = 208
• 5. The Energetics of Biota = 214
• 5.1 Metabolic Power of the Individual = 214
• 5.2 Body Size Limits = 216
• 5.3 Energetics and Body Size of Photosynthesizing Plants = 221
• 5.4 Fluctuations in Synthesis and Destruction of Organic Matter = 225
• 5.5 Immotile and Locomotive Organisms = 227
• 5.6 Distribution of Consumption by Heterotrophs According to Their Body Size = 231
• 5.7 Daily Average Travelling Distance = 235
• 5.8 The Maximum Speed of Movement for Animals = 237
• 5.9 Maximum Permissible Share of Biomass Consumed by Mobile Animals = 242
• 5.10 Settled and Nomadic Lefestyles for Locemotive Animals = 243
• 5.11 Carnivores = 246
• 5.12 Diffusion of Excreta = 247
• 5.13 Detailed Distribution of Destructiveness with Body Size = 249
• 5.14 Brief Conclusions = 252
• 6. The Ecology of Man = 259
• 6.1 Behavioral Strategy of Mobile Animals = 259
• 6.2 Herd Animals = 263
• 6.3 Territorial Animals = 269
• 6.4 Genetic and Cultural Heritage = 271
• 6.5 The Ecological Niches of Man = 276
• 6.6 Climatological, Biological, and Ecological Limits of Energy Consumption by Man = 282
• 6.7 Science and Religion = 286
• 7. Conclusion = 288
• Appendix A : Details of Calculations in Sect. 4.11 = 291
• Appendix B : Details of Calculations in Sect. 4.12 = 296
• Appendix C : Details of Calculations of the Results in Fig. 6.2 = 298
• Appendix D : List of Frequently Used Symbols = 302
• Bibliography = 317
• Subject Index = 337