혼인과 은퇴 고령 남성의 사망 간의 관계: 미국 은퇴자 종단 자료의 분석 결과 = The Relationship Between Marriage and Mortality of the Retired Male Elderly: The Analytic Results of Retirement History Longitudinal Data In U.S.A.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

혼인과 사망에 관한 연구 대부분은 혼인상태에 있는 사람이 혼인상태에 있지 않은 사람보다 더 건강하게 오래 산다는 사실을 보여준다. 그 이유는 선별효과와 보호 효과로 설명된다. 선별효과에 의하면, 건강한 사람이 쇠약한 사람보다 혼인할 가능성이 높다. 그 결과, 독신자 집단은 유배우자 집단에 비해 병약한 사람들이 전체 집단에서 차지하는 비율이 높아 더 높은 사망률을 보인다. 보호효과는 혼인이라는 유대를 통해 배우자들이 건강할 때나 아플 때나 서로의 건강을 염려해 주고 또 경제적 그리고 정신적 문제로 인한 스트레스와 스트레스에 관련된 병을 감소시켜, 혼인상태에 있는 사람들의 사망률을 혼인 상태에 있지 않은 사람들의 사망률보다 낮춰 준다는 것이다.
이 연구에서, 우리는 혼인상태의 은퇴 고령 남성이 독신상태의 은퇴 고령남성과 유의미한 사망률 차이를 보이지 않지만, 이혼하거나 별거하거나 혹은 배우자가 사망한 상태의 은퇴 고령 남성보다는 낮은 사망률을 보인다는 사실을 발견했다. 비록 선별효과를 입증해 보여주지는 못했지만, 혼인을 통한 재정적 복지가 은퇴 고령 남성의 사망에 영향을 미치는 경험적 증거는 발견하였다. 중간 소득과 저소득 사이의 은퇴 고령 남성에서 나타나는 사망률 차이는 그들 건강상태의 차이로 나타난다. 중간소득의 은퇴고령 남성이 저소득의 은퇴 고령 남성보다 약간 더 많은 재정적 복지를 통해 보다 나은 건강상태를 유지하고 그 결과 약간 더 낮은 사망률을 보인다. 반면 고소득의 은퇴한 고령남성에게는 혼인의 재정적 복지뿐 아니라 그들의 소득도 그들의 건강 증진 및 사망률 저하에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 건강상태일지라도, 고소득의 은퇴 고령남성은 타 집단의 고령 남성보다 사망할 가능성이 낮았다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Prior Literature has shown that married persons live longer than unmarried persons. The reason is explained by marriage selection effect and marriage protection effect. According to the protection effect, healthier are more likely to marry and to stay marriage. Therefore, the proportion that the frail persons consisted in the total group is higher in single group than married group, and single group is more likely to show the higher mortality rates than married group. If marriage has a protection effect, even though married persons are in health status or frail status, spouses are worried about each other's health, reduce the stress and illness related to stress which come from economic and psychological problems, as a result, lower their mortality rate, compared to single persons.
In this paper, we found that married retired old men show substantially lower risk of dying than those who are divorced, separated and widowed, but not single retired old men. The selection effects is not proved. This study's result has shown that for retired old men the improved financial resource that often accompanies marriage account for the large part of its beneficial effect. The morality differential between low income old retired men and middle income old retired men are explained by their health differentials. But for the high income old retired men, independent of the health status, their mortality rate is lower than the lower income retired old men because their higher income had a strong effect on the decline of their mortality rates.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 한국어 초록
• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
• Ⅲ. 자료
• Ⅳ. 통계 모형
• Ⅴ. 분석결과
• Ⅵ. 마치는 말
• 참고문헌
• ENGLISH ABSTRACT

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