Due to the recent trends of low birth rates and aging populations, local regions are facing a crisis of population decline. While the elderly population requiring support is rapidly increasing, the youth population is sharply decreasing, leading to th...
Due to the recent trends of low birth rates and aging populations, local regions are facing a crisis of population decline. While the elderly population requiring support is rapidly increasing, the youth population is sharply decreasing, leading to the risk of local extinction. Furthermore, the local tax structure is becoming increasingly vulnerable due to the real estate market slump, which has led to a decline in property acquisition taxes and registration taxes, while the burden of social welfare spending continues to grow. This has created an urgent need to address the fundamental issues related to local financial structures. In this fiscal crisis, the Yoon Suk-yeol administration is reducing the stable sources of local finance, such as local grants and local education finance grants, due to domestic tax cuts, while demanding fiscal austerity to maintain a sound financial policy. Simultaneously, the Ministry of Education is planning large-scale investment projects, such as the introduction of AI-based digital textbooks, despite a significant decline in the school-age population. At the same time, the Ministry is imposing financial burdens on local governments with initiatives like the integration of early childhood education and support for regional innovation-centered universities (RISE). Consequently, local governments are under severe fiscal pressure from multiple directions.
This paper proposes that local education finance should be restructured by identifying the issues with the domestic tax system, including revenue structures and expenditure trends. It suggests transitioning the legal basis for mandatory and non-mandatory transfers imposed on local governments to ordinances that can be decided at the discretion of local governments. Gradually, through integrated management of local grants and local education finance grants, the paper calls for enhanced cooperation between local finance and education finance. Ultimately, it advocates for the necessity of integrating local finance and education finance.